1. According to the standard model, the change in the economic welfare of a country associated with an increase in a tariff is equal to A. Terms of trade gain minus efficiency loss of distortions. B. Efficiency gain minus terms of trade loss. C. Efficiency loss plus tax revenue gain. D. Efficiency loss plus tax revenue gain plus terms of trade gain. E. None of the above.
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- International trade Consider a Ricardian model with two countries, the US and Ecuador, producing two goods, bananas and machines. Suppose the unit-labor requirements are: aLBUS= 8, aLBE = 4, aLMUS = 2, aLME = 4. Let the US have 3200 workers and Ecuador have 400 workers. A. Which country has the absolute advantage in bananas? Why?c. Consider a Ricardian model with two countries, the US and Ecuador, producing two goods, bananas and machines. Suppose the unit-labor requirements are: aLBUS= 8, aLBE = 4, aLMUS = 2, aLME = 4. Let the US have 3200 workers and Ecuador have 400 workers. D. What would the pattern of trade be in free trade? Why? E. How much of each good would Ecuador produce in free trade if complete specialization occurred? F. Specify a plausible free trade terms of trade.International trade 1. Consider a Ricardian model with two countries, the US and Ecuador, producing two goods, bananas and machines. Suppose the unit-labor requirements are: aLBUS= 8, aLBE = 4, aLMUS = 2, aLME = 4. Let the US have 3200 workers and Ecuador have 400 workers. a. How much of each good would Ecuador produce in free trade if complete specialization occurred?
- 1. Which of the following is true and which is false:a) The trade-to-GDP ratio for a nation that had €600 million in exports, €400 million in imports,and GDP of €2,000 million is equal to 0.5.b) The trade-to-GDP ratio for a nation that had €600 million in exports, €400 million in imports,and GDP of €2,000 million is equal to 0.05.c) A trade-to-GDP ratio in percentage terms equal to 120% means that the country exchanges1.2 times worth of goods and services of what it generates domestically over a certain period.d) The trade-to-GDP ratio is a measure of how income distribution between nations.e) The trade-to-GDP ratio is a measure of how intensively a country participates in internationaltrade.f) The higher the trade-to-GDP ratio, the stronger is the purchasing power of the country in theworld marketsZ and S.A are trading partners. Both produce metal ores (including lithium) and delivery trucks. Now suppose that if Zimbabwe uses all of its resources, it can produce 50,000 tons of metal ores or 100,000 delivery trucks (trading off at a constant rate). Suppose that if South Africa uses all of its resources, it can produce 20,000 tons of metal ores or 80,000 delivery trucks (trading off at a constant rate). What is the direction of the trade (who exports what to whom)? Be sure to give the opportunity costs of production of both goods for both countries.By using the concept of the Standard Trade Model, and the assumptions of the H-O model. a) Explain with a graph why with the increase in the relative price of Cloth PC/PFthen should domestic export Cloth?b) If a country exports Cloth and imports Food, then there isbiased growth on cloth, how will it affect the terms of trade?Explain.c) With the same assumptions in number b), what is the impact of export-biased growth and import biased growth of domestic countries on welfaredomestic? Explain
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Which statement is true of tariff reductions? Question 15 options: a) Tariff reductions lead to increased foreign competition that undermines the welfare of a nation. b) Tariff reductions primarily benefit import-competing industries within a nation. c) Reciprocal tariff liberalization has quickly become widespread to support free trade. d) Tariff reductions can increase the overall welfare of a nation when affected industries are compensated for their losses.9. Answer ALL parts of this question. Consider the standard trade model with two goods and two factors, labour and capital. (a) Suppose that a country experiences an increase in its labour force. Assume thatgood X is labour intensive and good Y is capital intensive. How would theproduction possibility frontier change as a result? Illustrate this with a simplediagram. (b) What does it mean for the “terms of trade” to improve and why might this matter interms of welfare? (c) Consider two countries: Home and Foreign. Each country produces two goods,cloth (C) and food (F). Assume Home is an exporter of cloth. Now suppose Homeimposes a 20 percent tariff on the value of food imports. What will be the effect ofthe food tariff on the relative price of cloth and terms of trade? Illustrate youranswer with a relevant diagram. You may assume that Home is large enough toaffect the world market.4. Assume a two-country two-good two-input model. Let the countries in the model be Vietnam andMyanmar and the goods be shirts and natural gas. The two factors of production are labor and land.Further, Vietnam is labor-abundant and shirts production is labor-intensive. Suppose, in the absenceof trade, Vietnam operates at a point on its production-possibility curve where it produces andconsumes 20 units of shirts and 25 units of natural gas. Once it engages in free trade, the internationalprice of one unit of natural gas is .8 units of a shirt. In response to the opening of trade, Vietnammoves along its production-possibility curve to a new point where it produces 100 units of shirts and10 units of natural gas. Assume that with free trade, Vietnam chooses to consume 52 units of shirtsand chooses to trade all of its remaining surplus of shirts.a. Demonstrate the gains to trade for Vietnam.
- international trade Consider a Ricardian model with two countries, the US and Ecuador, producing two goods, bananas and machines. Suppose the unit-labor requirements are: aLBUS= 8, aLBE = 4, aLMUS = 2, aLME = 4. Let the US have 3200 workers and Ecuador have 400 workers. a. What is the autarky terms of trade in the US?Occasionally, a government official will argue that a country should strive for both a trade surplus and a healthy inflow of capital from abroad. Explain why such a statement is economically impossible.How does the bottom portion of Figure 23.3, showing the international flow of investments and capital, differ from the upper portion?