1. Analyze Are any of Jerry's sibling homozygous for the sickle cell trait? Are any of Jerry's siblings heterozygous for sickle cell discase? 2. Analyze What genotype is Jerry's father? 3. Analyze What genotypes are Jerry's grandparents? 4. Infer What is the genotype of Jerry's mother? Explain.
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- Astigmatism and polydactyly are dominant over normal vision and finger traits. Sickle-cell anemia onthe other hand, is an overdominant lethal trait due to its recessive genes (ss). Individuals with this traitdie prematurely. Heterozygotes (Ss), however, have some RBCs that sickle while others remainnormal, thus, not lethal. They are referred to as sickle-trait carriers. A polydactylous, normal-visioned, brown-eyed man with wavy hair has a nonpolydactylous, blue-eyed mother. He proposed marriage to a nonpolydactylous, astigmatic, blue-eyed, and curly-hairedlady whose mother has normal vision. However, the lady is worried about the proposal since sickle-cell anemia has been known to run in both their families. a. Is there a genetic basis for her worry? Explain. b. If it turned out that the lady is a carrier and the man has normal RBC, what would be their COMPLETE genotypes? Male genotype:_________________________________Female genotype: ______________________________ c. Based on their…Suppose two parents are healthy carriers of the sickle cell allele. The genotype of each parent is HbAHbS (HbAis the normal allele, and HbS is the sickle-cell allele).How likely is it for a child of these parents to have sickle cell anemia (HbSHbS)?A prospective groom, who is unaffected, has a sisterwith cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disease.Their parents are unaffected. The brother plans to marrya woman who has no history of CF in her family. Whatis the probability that they will produce a CF child? Theyare both Caucasian, and the overall frequency of CF inthe Caucasian population is 1/2500—that is, 1 affectedchild per 2500. (Assume the population meets the Hardy–Weinberg assumptions.)
- Explain the differences between an individual homozygous for the sickle hemoglobin allele (HbS/HbS) and one who is heterozygous (HbA/HbS). Consider the hemoglobin molecule, cells, and disease.Sickle cell anemia is caused by an individual carrying two recessive copies of the hemoglobin gene (hemoglobin gene is labeled Hb, and the recessive version is Hbs). Thus, to have sickle cell anemia, a person must have the genotype HbSHbS. A person that is HbAHbA carries two copies of the normal hemoglobin gene and does not have sickle cell anemia. A person that is heterozygous (HbAHbS) produces enough normal hemoglobin to not have sickle cell anemia but is also resistant to malaria. People that are heterozygous are called “carriers” because they carry the recessive allele but do not express the recessive phenotype. a. A couple are both resistant to malaria but do not have sickle cell anemia. Draw a Punnett square to represent this cross. b. What is the probability that the couple has three children where one child does not have a recessive allele, one child is resistant to malaria and does not have sickle cell anemia, and one child has sickle cell anemia?Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Because individuals affected bysickle cell anemia have defective hemoglobin proteins, their blood cannot transport oxygenproperly. There appears to be a relationship between the incidence of malaria and sickle cellanemia. Individuals with sickle cell anemia and carriers of the sickle cell allele have someresistance to malaria. Malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium and is transmitted among humans by mosquitoes. If scientists are successful in reducing significantly or eliminating malaria, the best predictionfor what will happen to the allele for sickle cell anemia in the population is that it willa. not be affected by the elimination of malariab. increase as its selective advantage is increasedc. be reduced as its selective advantage is decreasedd. disappear quickly as its selective advantage is increased
- Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Because individuals affected bysickle cell anemia have defective hemoglobin proteins, their blood cannot transport oxygenproperly. There appears to be a relationship between the incidence of malaria and sickle cellanemia. Individuals with sickle cell anemia and carriers of the sickle cell allele have someresistance to malaria. Malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium and is transmitted amonghumans by mosquitoes.4. If scientists are successful in reducing significantly or eliminating malaria, the best predictionfor what will happen to the allele for sickle cell anemia in the population is that it willa. not be affected by the elimination of malariab. increase as its selective advantage is increasedc. be reduced as its selective advantage is decreasedd. disappear quickly as its selective advantage is increasedThe pedigree for Queen Victoria of England, acarrier of hemophilia A, shows the transmission tosome of her descendants, including members ofmany royal families in Europe, such as Russia andSpain, but not Germany. Hemophilia A does notaffect anyone in the present British royal family.Can you explain why hemophilia A hasdisappeared from one family and appeared inothers?In a region of Africa, where malaria is prevalent, 40% of the population are found to have sickle-cell anemia. The disease is caused by an abnormal hemoglobin that is found in both homozygotes (S2S2) and heterozygotes (S1S2). Many homozygotes (S2S2) suffer from anemia and often die. Heterozygotes (S1S2) incur a much less debilitating malady called "sickling trait". Approximately 3% of the people with abnormal hemoglobin are homozygotes (1.2\% of the entire population). The fitness of the S2S2 homozygotes is only 1/4 that of the heterozygotes. Where malaria is prevalent, heterozygotes exhibit overdominance with respect to fitness. How would you calculate relative fitness of the S1S1 homozygotes if you're assuming the population is at an equilibrium frequency for S2?
- Introduction: A person’s blood type is an inherited trait governing special marker proteins appear-ing on the surface of their red blood cells. Blood typing is important, because it governs who anindividual can give or receive blood donations from; blood with proteins markers not present in theirown blood will be rejected by an individual’s immune system.There are two separate genes that govern blood type; the ABO gene has two dominant options, Aand B, and a recessive option called O. For example, an individual with AO or AA would presentthe A protein, and an individual with AB will present both the A and B proteins on their blood;an individual with OO has no proteins from this gene. The Rh gene has two options; the dominantoption is called positive (or + for short), while the recessive option is called negative or null (or –for short). For example, an individual with ++ or +– would present the Rh protein on their blood,while an individual with – – would not present the Rh…Introduction: A person’s blood type is an inherited trait governing special marker proteins appear-ing on the surface of their red blood cells. Blood typing is important, because it governs who anindividual can give or receive blood donations from; blood with proteins markers not present in theirown blood will be rejected by an individual’s immune system.There are two separate genes that govern blood type; the ABO gene has two dominant options, Aand B, and a recessive option called O. For example, an individual with AO or AA would presentthe A protein, and an individual with AB will present both the A and B proteins on their blood;an individual with OO has no proteins from this gene. The Rh gene has two options; the dominantoption is called positive (or + for short), while the recessive option is called negative or null (or –for short). For example, an individual with ++ or +– would present the Rh protein on their blood,while an individual with – – would not present the Rh…A 30 - year - old woman was undergoing therapy for b-thalassemia,a recessive trait caused by absence of or reduced synthesis ofthe hemoglobin b chain, a subunit of the oxygen-carrying moleculein red blood cells. In this condition, red blood cells are rapidlydestroyed, freeing a large amount of iron, which is deposited in tissuesand organs. The blood transfusions the patient had received every twoor three weeks since the age of 7 to stave off anemia were furtheraggravating iron buildup. Her major organs were showing damage, andshe was in danger of death from cardiac disease. Her physician suggestedthat she consider undergoing a hematopoietic (bone marrow)stem cell transplant (HSCT). Since these stem cells give rise to redblood cells, such a transplant could potentially restore her health. Whilethis might seem like an easy decision, it is not. Advanced cases havea high risk (almost 30 percent) for transplantation-related death. At thispoint, the woman is faced with a difficult and…