The drug tamoxifen has been used to treat some types of breast cancer. Suppose even among female patients with the same tumor grade there is variation in responsiveness to tamoxifen. It is also found that this variation is at least partly genetic; his variation is at least partly genetic; women with a relative who had a low responsiveness to the drug are at higher risk of low responsiveness to the drug The target of tamoxifen is a protein called the estrogen receptor. A. Outline how a “candidate gene approach” could be conducted to investigate whether variation in the gene for estrogen receptor affects tamoxifen responsiveness

The drug tamoxifen has been used to treat some types of breast cancer. Suppose even among female patients with the same tumor grade there is variation in responsiveness to tamoxifen. It is also found that this variation is at least partly genetic; his variation is at least partly genetic; women with a relative who had a low responsiveness to the drug are at higher risk of low responsiveness to the drug The target of tamoxifen is a protein called the estrogen receptor. A. Outline how a “candidate gene approach” could be conducted to investigate whether variation in the gene for estrogen receptor affects tamoxifen responsiveness

Name: The drug tamoxifen has been used to treat some types of breast cancer.
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Description: The drug tamoxifen has been used to treat some types of breast cancer. Suppose even among female patients with the same tumor grade there is variation in responsiveness to tamoxifen. It is also found that this variation is at least partly genetic; hi

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter15: Genomes And Genomics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12QP: One unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a...

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One unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a single gene can be responsible for multiple distinct disorders. For example, mutations in the RET gene can cause two different types of multiple endocrine neoplasias, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirschsprung disease. How do you think mutations in a single gene can have such diverse effects?
Lou, a researcher, is examining two different fireflies, and each firefly is homozygous for a mutation that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Lou has discovered that the two fireflies both show defects in flying. Lou would like to determine if both fireflies have mutations in the same or different genes, so he mates the two fireflies together. The resulting offspring all can fly normally. What would this result suggest? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices A) The two parent fireflies contain mutations in different genes B) The two parent fireflies contain mutations in the same gene C) This is an example of complementation D) This is an example of the failure to complement
A couple who are both heterozygous for an autosomal recessive mutation that is narrowly expressed and fully penetrant are planning on having three children. What is the probability that one their children will be normal (unaffected) and two children will have the recessive mutant phenotype? Show your work. Please answer this question using the Bayes’ Theorem
Colorblindness and hemophilia are both X-linked traits in humans. Explain how a female who has a defective color vision gene on one X chromosome and a defective blood clotting gene causing hemophilia on the other X chromosome can be neither a hemophiliac nor colorblind? Please discuss the effect of Gene dosage compensation in your answer and in your answer describe the molecular process by which this occurs.
Suppose that you are studying the role of Protein B, which you believe plays a role in regulating PCD/Apoptosis in mice. You create two lines of mutant mice. One (bb) is homozygous for a loss-of-function allele of gene B. The other (Bb) is heterozygous, with one wild-type allele and one loss-of function allele. Initially you pay particular attention to two phenotypes of the resulting mice:(i) The morphology of their paws (see picture) (ii) The size of their brains & shape of their skulls. The bb mice have unusually large brains and unusual protrusions from their skulls. Based on these data, does it appear that Protein B, when present and active, favors or inhibits PCD/Apoptosis?Briefly explain your reasoning. The answer should address both the paw and brain/skull data.
One of the first drugs used for targeted cancer therapy is tamoxifen, used to treat estrogen-receptor breast cancer. What general conclusions can you draw about the targeted drug therapy and genotype?
"In most differentiated tissues, daughter cells retain a memory of gene expression patterns that were present in the parent cell through mechanisms that do not involve changes in the sequence of their genomic DNA" is true or false.
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is due to a mutation in a gene that encodesa protein called hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HPRT). HPRT is an enzyme that functions in purine metabolism.People afflicted with this syndrome have severe neurodegenerationand loss of motor control. The pedigree below contains severalindividuals with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, shown with blacksymbols. Based on this pedigree, does this syndrome appearto be inherited by an autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant,X-linked recessive, or X-linked dominant pattern? Explainyour reasoning.
The expression of antigen A or antigen B in red blood cells requires the help of an H antigen. A recessive mutation (h) that prevents the synthesis of the H antigen also prevents the expression of A and B antigens. This is called the Bombay effect. There is no ill effect in an individual with this mutation, but complications with blood transfusions or parental disputes may arise. a. Individuals with the Bombay genotype (hh) produce anti-H antigen. How can this be a problem during blood transfusion?
Fragile X syndrome, caused by a change in the FMR1 gene, is the most common form of intellectual disability. In patients with this syndrome, a small part of the gene is repeated several times in one area of the chromosome. This defect in the gene makes the body unable to produce adequate amounts of a protein needed for normal brain functioning. In males, this syndrome causes a moderate intellectual disability, and in females, a mild intellectual disability. A family that exhibits Fragile X syndrome is shown in the pedigree. In the pedigree, squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent a person with the disorder. Which of the following correctly predicts the outcome if offspring 11 mated with a homozygous normal female, based on the inheritance pattern shown in the pedigree? A - The male offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because Fragile X is an X-linked recessive trait. B - The female offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because Fragile…
Fragile X syndrome, caused by a change in the FMR1 gene, is the most common form of intellectual disability. In patients with this syndrome, a small part of the gene is repeated several times in one area of the chromosome. This defect in the gene makes the body unable to produce adequate amounts of a protein needed for normal brain functioning. In males, this syndrome causes a moderate intellectual disability, and in females, a mild intellectual disability. A family that exhibits Fragile X syndrome is shown in the pedigree. In the pedigree, squares represent males and circles represent females. Shaded symbols represent a person with the disorder. Which of the following correctly predicts the outcome if offspring 11 mated with a homozygous normal female, based on the inheritance pattern shown in the pedigree? The male offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because Fragile X is an X-linked recessive trait. The female offspring would exhibit Fragile X syndrome because Fragile X…
Albinism in animals is caused by recessive mutations inone of several autosomal genes required for synthesis ofmelanin, a chemical precursor for many skin and eye pigments. Albino animals are often confused with so-calledleucistic animals that are white due to recessive mutationsin a gene required in a different pathway, for example apathway for development of the cells that produce all skinpigments. Suppose you have two white hummingbirds—a male and female—and they have mated. Assuming thatall relevant mutations are rare, autosomal, and recessiveto wild-type alleles, what would you expect their progenyto look like under the following conditions:a. They are both albinos.b. They are both leucistic.c. One is albino and the other is leucistic.