1. Assume a specific mathematical Lagrangian objective function associated with constrained utility maximization problem is given by L = x¹/2 y ¹/2 + X(10.00 - 0.50x - 2.00y). The partial derivative of Langrarian function with respect to good x or (a L/ax) is one of the three First-order conditions (FOC's) that would have to hold in order for L to be maximized which could be written as
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1. (question on photo)
2. How much income does the consumer have to spend on good x and y?
3. The partial derivative of Langrarian function with respect to good Y is one of the three first-order conditions that would have to hold in order for L to be maximized which could be written as?
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- A consumer has GH¢600 to spend on two commodities, A and B. Commodity A costs GH¢20 per unit and Commodity B costs GH¢30 per unit. Suppose that the utility derived by the consumer from x units of Commodity A, and y Commodity B is given by the Cobb-Douglas utility functionU (x, y) = 10x0.6y0.4a. How many units of each commodity should the consumer buy tomaximize utility?b. Is the budget constraint binding?Mrs. Griffiths earns $5000 a week and spends her entire income on dresses and handbags, since these are the only two items that provide her utility. Furthermore, Mrs. Griffiths insists that for every dress she buys, she must also buy a handbag. What is the algebraic equation for Mrs. Griffiths budget constraint if dresses cost $25 each and handbags cost $14 each? How many of each good will she buy and represent this on a budget line with handbags on the horizontal axis Assume for this question only that when the price of dresses decreases, less of that good is demanded. Illustrate the income and substitution effect of this price decreaseSuppose a consumer has utility function U(X, Y) = X2/3Y1/3. Suppose the consumer has M =$90 to spend and the prices of goods X and Y are PX = $15 and PY = $6 . a. Carefully express the consumer’s choice problem, using the given information (this is whereyou write out the max operator, the choice variables, the objective function, and the budget constraint). b. Compute the absolute value of the consumer’s marginal rate of substitution, and inspect it todetermine the shape of the consumer’s indifference curves: C-shaped, linear, )-shaped, or some other shape.To show your work, neatly use the arrow argument, increasing X (↑) and decreasing Y (↓) to see whether|MRS(X, Y)| is diminishing along an indifference curve. c. If the indifference curves are C-shaped write out the budget line and the equal slopes conditionthat characterize an interior solution to the consumer’s choice problem. Use the particulars for the givenconsumer. Solve these conditions to find the interior solution. On the…
- Given a consumer has a money budget M = 90 and utility function ? ( ? , ?) = ? 1/4? 1 / 2 If she consumes two goods x and y with prices given by ? = 2 and ? = 4 state the ? ? budget constraint equation. Determine the utility maximizing quantities X and Y for the consumerFor the case of two goods, give an example of a utility function U(x1, x2) that represents the preferences of a consumer who regards the two goods as perfect complements. Next, take the transformation f(U) = U³ of the your example utility function and explain if this newly gener ated function represents the original preferences. Further, provide clear arguments supporting or rejecting the claim that "f(U(x1, x2)) must be strongly increasing in (x1, x2)."A consumer is maximising her utility function: U(x, y) = (x¹/³+y¹/³)³, subject to the budget constraint x + 3y = 100. (a) Set up the Lagrangian function of this utility maximisation problem and derive the first-order conditions. (b) What are the utility maximizing amounts of x and y? Also, calculate the Lagrange multiplier. (c) What are the utility maximising amounts of x and y if the budget constraint changes to x + 3y = 50? Also, calculate the Lagrange multiplier.
- 4 Assume that a person's utility over two goods is given by U(g1; g2) = g1 + ln g2. The price of good g1 is equal to p1 and the price of good g2 is p2. The total income of the individual is given by I. The marginal rate of substitution between g1 and g2 is given by 1/(1/g2). Then, the expressions for this person's (1) budget constraint, (2) budget line's slope (assume that, graphically, g1 is on the horizontal axis and g2 on the vertical axis), and (3) the person's demand function for g2 (that is, g2 as a function of price ratio) are respectively:J 4 True or false? Be sure to explain your answer in detail. Suppose the utility function u(x1, x2) = 2x1x2 represents a consumer's preferences. Then the utility function v(x1,x2) = x1x2 also represents the same consumer's preferencesAnswer the question on the basis of the following two schedules, which show the amounts of additional satisfaction (marginal utility) that a consumer would get from successive quantities of products J and K. Units of J MUj Units of K MUk 1 56 1 32 2 48 2 28 3 32 3 24 4 24 4 20 5 20 5 12 6 16 6 10 7 12 7 8 If the consumer has money income of $52 and the prices of J and K are $8 and $4 respectively, the consumer will maximize her utility by purchasing Multiple Choice 3 units of J and 7 units of K. 5 units of J and 5 units of K. 4 units of J and 5 units of K. 6 units of J and 3 units of K.
- The utility that Elena receives by consuming food F and clothing C is given by U(F,C) = FC + F. Food costs £1 per unit, and clothing costs £2 per unit. Elena's income is£22. MUF = C+1 and MUc = F.(i) Define the term Marginal Rate of Substitution (MRS). (ii) Find the utility maximizing values of C and F for the numerical values given above(Hint: You can assume interior solution). (ili) Now suppose that price of C and Elena's income remain unchanged at £2 per unitand £22, respectively, while the price of F varies. Find the equation of the demand forF as a function of the unit price of F (PF).Consider a consumer with M = $120 to spend (income) and faces prices PX = $15 and PY =$5 for goods X and Y. Her utility function is U(X, Y) = X1/2 + Y1/2.a Carefully. express the consumer’s choice problem, using the given information (this is whereyou write out the max operator, the choice variables, the objective function, and the budget constraint). b. Compute the absolute value of the consumer’s marginal rate of substitution, and inspect it todetermine the shape of the consumer’s indifference curves: C-shaped, linear, )-shaped, or some other shape.To show your work, neatly use the arrow argument, increasing X (↑) and decreasing Y (↓) to see whether|MRS(X, Y)| is diminishing along an indifference curve. c. If the indifference curves are C-shaped write out the budget line and the equal slopes conditionthat characterize an interior solution to the consumer’s choice problem. Use the particulars for the givenconsumer. Solve these conditions to find the interior solution. On the other…a. Is the “more is better” assumption satisfied for both goods? Explain.b. What type of function is this? Explain.c. Provide expressions for the marginal utilities of x and y and does the marginal utility of x increase, remain constant, or diminish as the consumer buysmore units of x? Explain. Does the marginal utility of y increase, remain constant, or diminish as the consumer buysmore units of y? Explain.d. Provide an expression for the marginal rate of substitution of x for y.e. Is MRSx,y diminishing, constant, or increasing as the consumer substitutes more x for y alongan indifference curve? Explain.f. On a graph with x on the horizontal axis and y on the vertical axis, draw the indifferencecurves for U1 and U2 where U2 has a higher value than U1