1. Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl) is a topical anesthetic that boils at 12 °C. When liquid chloroethane is released from a pressurized spray can, it expands and cools rapidly, numbing the skin. Describe the bonding in this compound. (Refer to the structure of ethane.)
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
The field of chemistry which deals with the studies of reactions, structures, and properties of organic compounds that comprise carbon bonded through covalent bonding is organic chemistry. The studies regarding the structure of organic compounds could be determined with the help of structural formulas. In order to know about the behavior of organic compounds, a study on the properties has to be done. Both physical properties and chemical properties, the origin of chemical reactivity come under the study regarding the properties of organic compounds. The chemical preparation of polymers, drugs, natural products, and the study of separate organic molecules in the lab come under the study of organic reactions.
Vinyl Group
Vinyl group is the name given to the functional group of -CH=CH2. It can be seen as an ethene molecule with one less hydrogen in number. Hence it is also called as ethenyl group at times.
Straight Chain Hydrocarbons
The requirement to identify each compound needs a richer number of words than informative prefixes like n and iso. The identification of organic molecules is made easier by the use of systematic nomenclature schemes. The organic chemistry nomenclature has two types: traditional and systematic. Common names arise in many forms, but share the characteristic that a link through name and form is unnecessary. The name that matches a certain structure clearly must be remembered as knowing a person's name. In contrast, systemic names, including an overall common set of laws, are locked specifically to the chemical structure.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Following are few examples of alkenes with their general molecular as well as their structural formulas:
Conjugated Compounds in Organic Chemistry
The delocalization of electrons in a molecule is called conjugation in organic chemistry. This delocalisation process of electrons leads to the shortenings or elongations of chemical bonds, but at the same time it causes changes in the chemical properties in conjugated molecules as compared to the non-conjugated ones. For example, conjugated molecules absorb light at longer wavelengths.
Alpha Carbon And Alpha Protons
The carbon directly attached to the functional group in an organic molecule is referred to as the alpha carbon and the hydrogen attached to an alpha carbon are termed as the alpha hydrogens or alpha protons. These alpha carbon atoms and alpha hydrogen atoms are of importance because they undergo certain characteristic reactions in organic chemistry.
1. Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl) is a topical anesthetic that boils at 12 °C. When liquid chloroethane is released from a pressurized spray can, it expands and cools rapidly, numbing the skin. Describe the bonding in this compound. (Refer to the structure of ethane.)
2. Putrescine is one of the compounds responsible for the odor of decaying animal tissue. Identify the nitrogen-containing functional groups in putrescine. What is the hybridization of the nitrogen atom?
3. Consider the structure of dimethyl sulfoxide given below, and calculate the formal charges of sulfur and oxygen.
4. Consider the structure of nitromethane, a compound used to increase the power in some specialized race car engines. A nitrogen–oxygen single bond length is 136 pm; a nitrogen–oxygen double bond length is 114 pm. The nitrogen–oxygen bonds in nitromethane are equal and are 122 pm. Explain the data in terms of the electronic structure of nitromethane.
5. When comparing NaCl and LiCl, the bond between Li+ and Cl- will be expected to be stronger. This is AS A RESULT OF
6. How are orbitals involved in the formation of covalent bonds?
7. A covalent bond in an HBr molecule can undergo heterolytic and homolytic fission in a
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