1. Draw block diagrams to represent the following feedback control systems: a) Control of human skin temperature by sweating b) Control of a diabetic person's blood sugar level through insulin injections Note: Besides the standard feedback control system components, include disturbances in the diagram. Label each block and signal with their physical names. Briefly explain how each system works.

1. Draw block diagrams to represent the following feedback control systems: a) Control of human skin temperature by sweating b) Control of a diabetic person's blood sugar level through insulin injections Note: Besides the standard feedback control system components, include disturbances in the diagram. Label each block and signal with their physical names. Briefly explain how each system works.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter1: Introduction To Physiology And Homeostasis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TAHL: The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells....

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2. A patient is having trouble with self-administration of insulin. In a moment of frustration, he asks, “Why can’t I take insulin pills like my grandfather?” What is your response?
1. An example of negative feedback is the control of blood glucose levels by glucagon. A __________ in blood glucose leads to the pancreas secreting glucagon that promotes __________ of glucose from the bloodstream. a. fall; release b. fall; removal c. rise; removal d. rise; release e. none of the above
1. What is homeostasis? a. Fluctuation between high and low valuesb. Ingestion of enough food to satisfy hungerc. Tendency of the body to maintain a stable internal environmentd. Ability to remain within certain limited ranges 2. How does negative feedback lead to homeostasis? a. It shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity.b. It amplifies the effect of stimulusc. Increasing the effect of an output 3. Which statement about positive feedback is false? a. Positive feedback is observed more readily than negative feedback.b. Positive feedback reaches a limit at which it terminates quickly.c. Positive feedback amplifies the response.d. Positive feedback is exemplified by sexual behavior. 4. As fruit ripens it emits a chemical called ethylene, which attracts fruit flies. The flies damage the fruit, causing more odor to be released. As this happens, more flies are attracted to the fruit. Of what response is this an example?a. Positive feedbackb. Negative feedbackc.…
Which of the following mechanisms could both be used by the body to increase body temperature if a person forgets a coat on a cold day? A. Superficial blood vessels dilate, and the thyroid decreases metabolism. B. Superficial blood vessels constrict, and the thyroid decreases metabolism. C. Superficial blood vessels dilate, and the thyroid increases metabolism. D. Superficial blood vessels constrict, and the thyroid increases metabolism.
1. what would happen to the temperature of the blood if the feedback was positive rather than negative. 2. Cutting the nerves connecting the thermoreceptors to the heat loss centre in the hypothalamus might cause the death of the individual. explain precisely why this action might cause death. 3. Cutting the nerves connecting the heat loss centre to the skin would be less likely to cause death than if those between the thermoreceptors and the heat loss centre were cut. Suggest why. 4. Negative feedback in temperature regulation occurs as a result of blood passing from the skin to the brain. In doing so, this blood passes through the heart. List, in sequence, the major vessels joined to the heart that this blood would pass through on its journey.
give two examples of feedback mechanisms in the human body. identify the type of feedback (negative or positive), the receptor, the control center and effector.
1. A patient with chronic asthma is receiving prednisone orally for prolonged periods already. The patient observed and reported having weight gain, puffiness of the eyelids and it’s as if having a moon-face. What health information and teachings will you give your client? a. What are the side effects and adverse reactions of glucocorticoids? b. What health information and teachings will you give your client?
Describe how blood sugar (e.g. glucose plasma concentration) is regulated with the hormones, insulin, and glucagon. For this feedback loop, identify the following components of the feedback loop: stimulus, receptor, control center, efferent pathway, effector, and response. Be comfortable with this feedback loop to be able to describe the effects of changing various components of the feedback loop.
When you have completed this section, you should be able to a. state the characteristics that distinguish living organisms from nonliving objects;b. explain the importance of physiological variation among persons;c. define homeostasis and explain why this concept is central to physiology;d. define negative feedback, give an example of it, and explain its importance to homeostasis;e. define positive feedback and give examples of its beneficial and harmful effects; andf. define gradient, describe the variety of gradients in human physiology, and identify some forms of matter andenergy that flow down gradients.
In order for vitamin D to be actively formed, which of the following actions is required in the body? 1. chemical conversion in the liver and kidney to its active form 2. increased fluid intake to maintain homeostasis 3. increased calcium levels stimulate PTH release to restore adequate serum levels 4. conversion of vitamin D metabolites in the liver to its active form of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3
Which of these homeostatic mechanisms in the body are examplesof positive feedback, and which are examples of negative feedback?Why?a. The adrenal glands produce epinephrine in response to a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in times of stress; the pituitary gland senses the epinephrine in the blood and stopsproducing the hormone.b. As the bladder fills with urine, pressure sensors send messagesto the brain with increasing frequency, signaling that the bladdermust be emptied. The more the bladder fills, the more messagesare sent.c. When you drink an excess of water, specialized cells in yourbrain, as well as stretch receptors in your heart, detect theincrease in blood volume. Both signals are transmitted to thekidneys, which increase the production of urine.
Figure 16.14 Goiter, a disease caused by iodine deficiency, results in the inability of the thyroid gland to form T3 and T4 . The body typically attempts to compensate by producing greater amounts of TSH. Which of the following symptoms would you expect goiter to cause? a. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. b. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate. C. Hyperthyroidism, resulting in weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. d. Hypothyroidism, resulting in weight loss, profuse sweating and increased heart rate.