1. Fill in the diagram (with "high" or "low") to show how intermolecular forces influence the volatility, vapor pressure, and boiling point of a substance. weak strong When IMF are... volatility is volatility is vapor pressure is vapor pressure is boiling point is boiling point is

1. Fill in the diagram (with "high" or "low") to show how intermolecular forces influence the volatility, vapor pressure, and boiling point of a substance. weak strong When IMF are... volatility is volatility is vapor pressure is vapor pressure is boiling point is boiling point is

Chemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781133611097

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl

Chapter10: Liquids And Solids

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6ALQ: Why do liquids have a vapor pressure? Do all liquids have vapor pressures? Explain. Do solids...

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Question

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1. Fill in the diagram (with "high" or “low") to show how intermolecular forces influence the volatility,
vapor pressure, and boiling point of a substance.
weak
strong
When IMF are...
volatility is
volatility is
vapor pressure is
vapor pressure is
boiling point is
boiling point is

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Use the following vapor pressure data to answer the questions: Liquid Vapor pressure torr Temperature (C) A CH3COOCH3 400 40.0 B C7H16 400 78.0 In which liquid are the intermolecular attractive forces the strongest? Explain. Will the vapor pressure of CH3COOCH3 at 78C be higher or lower than 400torr? Explain.
Why do liquids have a vapor pressure? Do all liquids have vapor pressures? Explain. Do solids exhibit vapor pressure? Explain. How does vapor pressure change with changing temperature? Explain.
Of the four general types of solids, which one(s) (a) are generally low-boiling? (b) are ductile and malleable? (c) are generally soluble in nonpolar solvents?
Explain why evaporation leads to cooling of the liquid.
What are intermolecular forces? How do they differ from intramolecular forces? What are dipole-dipole forces? How do typical dipole-dipole forces differ from hydrogen bonding interactions? In what ways are they similar? What are London dispersion forces? How do typical London dispersion forces differ from dipole-dipole forces? In what ways are they similar? Describe the relationship between molecular size and strength of London dispersion forces. Place the major types of intermolecular forces in order of increasing strength. Is there some overlap? That is, can the strongest London dispersion forces be greater than some dipole-dipole forces? Give an example of such an instance.
Intermolecular Forces The following picture represents atoms of hypothetical, nonmetallic, monatomic elements A, B, and C in a container at a temperature of 4 K (the piston maintains the pressure at 1 atm). None of these elements reacts with the others. a What is the state (solid, liquid, or gas) of each of the elements represented in the container? b Rank the elements in the container from greatest to least, in terms of intermolecular interactions. Explain your answer. c What type(s) of intermolecular attractions are present in each of these elements? d Explain which element has the greatest atomic mass. e One of the elements in the container has a normal boiling point of 2 K. Which element would that be (A, B, or C)? How do you know? f One of the elements has a melting point of 50 K. Which element would that be (A, B, or C)? Why? g The remaining element (the one you have yet to choose) has a normal boiling point of 25 K. Identify the element. Could this element have a freezing point of 7 K? Explain. h If you started heating the sample to 20 K, explain what you would observe with regard to the container and its contents during the heating. i Describe the container and its contents at 20 K. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at 20 K. j Now you increase the temperature of the container to 30 K. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at 30 K. Be sure to note any changes in going from 20 K to 30 K. k Finally, you heat the container to 60 K. Describe (include a drawing) how the container and its contents look at this temperature. Be sure to note any changes in going from 30K to 60k