1. For a 16-word cache, consider the following repeating sequence of lw addresses (given in hexadecimal): 00 04 18 1C 40 48 4C 70 74 80 84 7C A0 A4 Assuming least recently used (LRU) replacement for associative caches, determine the effective miss rate if the sequence is input to the following caches, ignoring startup effects (i.e., compulsory misses). Where cache is (a) direct mapped cache, b = 1 word (b) direct mapped cache, b = 2 words (c) two-way set associative cache, b = 1 word

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Fundamentals of memory

A collection of connected storage devices form the memory unit. It is a space to store data and instructions required for processing. Information is stored in a memory unit in the form of bits. There are two types of memory namely: