1. For each of the following three utility funetions below, find the demand function by explicitly solving each utility maximization problem. (a) u(x1, x2) = xx. (b) u(x1,x2) = Inx1 +2ln.x2. (e) u(x1,x2) = x7x3.
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- 2) Which of the following utility functions represent the same preferences? Explain. a) U (x₁, x₂) = X₁ X₂ b) W (x₁, x₂) = 5lnx₁ +5lnx₂ c) V (x₁, x₂) = x₁¹/3x₂ ¹/3 - 0.8 d) Z(x₁, x₂) = 0.5x₁ + 0.5x₂If the utility function of an individual takes the form: U = U ( x 1, x2) = (x1 + 2) 2 (x2 + 3) 3 Where U is total utility, and x1 and x2 are the quantities of two commoditiies consumed: (a) Find the marginal-utility function of each of the two commodities (b) Find the value of the marginal utility of the first commodity when 3 units of each commodity are consumed.3) Oğuz has the utility function U(x1,X2) = x:*x2². (X: nuts, X2: berries). %3D a) If Oğuz has 25 units of nuts and 17 units of berries, the price of nuts is 2 and the price of berries is 1 liras, what would be the optimal consumption of Oğuz? b) Assume the prices change, so that nuts cost 1 and berries cost 3 liras. What is the new demand? In this change, What is the pure substitution effect? What is the income effect? c) In the change calculated in part (b), what is the pure substitution effect? d) In the change calculated in part (b), what is the income effect? In the change calculated in part (b), what is the endowment effect?
- A consumer has utility (see image) on ice creams (x) and cakes (y). (a) Are the indifference curves bowed towards the origin? (b) Derive his demand function (as a function of prices px, py and budget I) for ice cream (x). (c)(Looking at the demand function you found in (b), Is ice cream a normal good? Are ice cream and cakes substitutes or complements? Calculate the income elasticity of market demand at the point px = 2, py = 1 and I = 12.5. What kind of preferences are represented by a utility function of the form u(x1, x2) = x1 + V*2? Is the utility function v(x1, x2) = xỉ + 2x1Vx2+x2 a monotonic transformation of u(x1, x2)? 6. Consider the utility function u(x1, x2) = Vx1x2. What kind of pref- erences does it represent? Is the function v(1, x2) transformation of u(x1, x2)? Is the function w(x1, x2) = xỉx, a monotonic transformation of u(x1, x2)? = x²x2 a monotonicA utility function is given by the equation U = 20xe¬0.1x, where x is the number of glasses of wine consumed. (a) Show that this utility function has a maximum value and calculate the maximum utility. (b) Describe how marginal utility changes for glasses of wine consumed after the maximum utility is reached. Do you consider this reasonable? Give an explanation.
- For each of the following utility functions get the marginal utility of consumption of each of the goods. 1/2 1/2 (a) u(a,b) = a b (b) u(x, y) = x³/4y1/4 (c) u(a, b) = n(a) + In(x) (d) u(x, y) = ln(x) + ln(y) (e) u(a, b) = 2xa +Xb6. Suppose that a fast-food junkie derives utility from three goods - softdrinks (x), 0.5 hamburgers (y), and ice cream sundaes (z) – according to the Cobb-Douglas utility function U(x, y, z)=x5y5 (1+z)05. Suppose also that the prices for these goods are given by p=0.25, p, = 1, and p. = 2 and that this consumer's income is equal to 2. a) How much will this consumer buy of each good to maximize utility? b) Show that the utility function is maximized (Use |H₂| to identify whether it is a maximum or a minimum). c) What is the maximum utility of the fast-food junkie?A consumer with I dollars budget has the utility u(x,y) = x(y+1) over amounts of cake (x) and ice cream (y) she consumes. The prices are px , py respectively. (a) Derive her demand for cake (x), as a function of prices px , py and her budget I. (b) Looking at the demand function in (a), is cake a normal good or an inferior good? Are cake and ice cream complements or substitutes? (c) Calculate the (i) (own) price, (ii) income, (iii) cross- price elasticity of demand for cake at the point where I = 80, px =10, py = 20.
- Consider the utility function: U(x,y)= -4(3x-12)² - (2y-10)² Determine the marginal utility for the two commoditiesMoe's income is $320 per week and he spends it on two goods, X and Y. Good X costs $8 and good Y costs $4 per unit. His utility function is U = 4.5XY. (a) Calculate Moe's utility-maximizing purchases of X and Y. (b) Calculate Moe's constrained utility- maximum if his income decreases by $2.00? (c) If the price of Y doubles, with no change in the price of X, by how much would his income have to increase to enable him to maintain his initial level of utility (as in part (a) above)?Ayana is pitching an idea for a startup company that makes and sells solar-powered phonechargers (C). Her market research has found that consumer demand for this product can beexpressed as a function of the price of the charger itself (PC), the price of phones (PF), andthe consmer’s income (I). Consumer demand can be described by the function C(PC, PF, I) =(i−10PC)/ (PF) Suppose her chargers come in all different capacities to meet any quantity demanded, so youdon’t need to worry about restricting C to whole numbers for this problem. (a) Does this product satisfy the law of demand?Explain.