Answer the following questions:1. Look at the colors in your genetic drift population and the correspondingpercentages. Now, compare those to the same colors/percentages in the originalpopulation (for example, in the genetic drift population, red might have hadpercentage of 50% while in the original population red was only 16%). Write thesecomparisons down in a list format.2. Does the new genetic drift population accurately represent the original population?Explain by citing your data.3. What colors in the original population are NOT represented in the genetic driftpopulation?4. When you compare the percentages of each color, are they the same for the originalpopulation and the genetic drift population? Explain.5. Let's assume that the candies are all the same type of organism (like, prayingmantises) and that the new environment consists of lots of greenery and many brightred flowers. Which colors in the genetic drift population would have better fitness inthis new environment? Why/how? How might that affect the alleles for thoseindividuals?6. Which ones would have less fitness? Why/how? What might happen to the allelesfor those individuals that have less fitness? Purpose: to simulate genetic drift and gene flow as a mechanisms for the evolution of a populationMaterials: skittles or m&ms (you may also use other colorful small items with at least 5 colors and a lotof pieces) and a paper towel or towelDirections:●●●grab a bag of skittles or m&ms - this is your ORIGINAL POPULATION of the candy organismcarefully and without looking remove a small handful and place them on the towel - this isyour genetic drift population●record all info for the genetic drift population - how many of each color found in the originalpopulation do you have (if you have 0 oranges and purples write out 0 for those colors) andwhat the percentage is for that population (if you have 3 reds out of 6, red is 50% of thepopulation)after you have recorded all the genetic drift population you will add that population BACK to theoriginal bag and record all info (color and % of the population) for the original populationYou may want to use a chart like this:color ofcandygenetic driftpopulationREDGREENPURPLEORANGEBLUEYELLOW#of each colorin GD pop010226Total: 12% of eachcolor in GDpop00.1700.330.330.171%color of candyin originalpopulationREDGREENPURPLEORANGEBLUEYELLOW# of each colorin O pop974394Total of candyin originalpopulation:36% of eachcolor in O pop0.25%0.19%0.11%0.8%0.25%0.11%0.99

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1. Look at the colors in your genetic drift population and the corresponding percentages. Now, compare those to the same colors/percentages in the original population (for example, in the genetic drift population, red might have had percentage of 50% while in the original population red was only 16%). Write these comparisons down in a list format. 2. Does the new genetic drift population accurately represent the original population? Explain by citing your data. 3. What colors in the original population are NOT represented in the genetic drift population?

1. Look at the colors in your genetic drift population and the corresponding percentages. Now, compare those to the same colors/percentages in the original population (for example, in the genetic drift population, red might have had percentage of 50% while in the original population red was only 16%). Write these comparisons down in a list format. 2. Does the new genetic drift population accurately represent the original population? Explain by citing your data. 3. What colors in the original population are NOT represented in the genetic drift population?

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter11: Evolution And Its Processes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7RQ: In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into...

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Match the description with the correct term.A. the idea that inherent variation in a population allows for certain traits to be selected and carried on to future generations of the population experiencing an environmental pressureB.organisms that do not have a common ancestry but develop body parts that perform the same functionC. a model suggesting the gradual change of a species to form distinct speciesD. the idea that all living things on Earth share a common ancestorE. a common ancestor adapts and results in various speciesF. two populations become reproductively isolated (can no longer reproduce successfully)1.speciation 2. adaptive radiation 3. analogous structures 4.theory of evolution 5. gradualism 6. theory of natural selection
Three basic predictions underlie genetic drift in populations: (1) As long as the population size is finite,some level of genetic drift will occur; thus, withoutnew mutations, all variation will drift either to fixationor to loss. (2) Drift happens faster in small populationsthan in large populations. (3) The probability that anallele is fixed (goes to a frequency of 1.0) is equal toits initial frequency (p) in the population, while itsprobability of loss from the population due to drift isequal to 1 − p. Given these three predictions:a. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 100,000?b. What is the allele frequency of a new autosomalmutation immediately after it occurs in a diploidpopulation of size N = 10?c. In which population does the new mutation have ahigher probability of going to fixation by chancewith genetic drift?
Which parameter from the software must you adjust in order to give a "selection advantage" to organisms with particular phenotypes? Select one. 1. Starting frequency of allele A1 2. Fitness of genotype A1A1 3. Mutation rate from A1 to A2 4. Fraction migrants each generation 5. Population size 6. Inbreeding coefficient (F)
Natural selection tends to work toward genetic unity;the genotypes that are most fit produce the mostoffspring and increase the frequency of adaptive allelesin the population. Yet there remains a great deal ofvariability within the populations of species. Describethe factors that contribute to this genetic variability. Provide the link of references
Which of the following statements describes an example of genetic drift?a. Allele g for fat production increases in a small population because birds with more bodyfat have higher survivorship in a harsh winter.b. Random mutation increases the frequency of allele A in one population but not inanother.c. Allele R reaches a frequency of 1.0 because individuals with genotype rr are sterile.d. Allele m is lost when a virus kills all but a few individuals and just by chance, none ofthe survivors possess allele m.
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next, as long as specific conditions are met. Choose Yes or No for the conditions that must be met from the providied statement below. 1. Mutations are exponentially occuring 2. All member of the population breed 3. Everyone produces the same number of offspring 4. The population is infinitely large 5. There is no migration in or out of the population 6. No net mutations are occuring 7. Natural selection of beneficial traits is occuring 8. Natural selection is not occuring 9. All mating is completely random 10. Offspring are able to migrate out of the population
A. Use the genotype frequencies, relative fitness, and the mean relative fitness to calculate the genotype frequencies expected to be found in the next generation Show your work, include 3 decimals. p2’ = 2pq’ = q2’ = B. Is natural selection acting in this population in this new environment?
In which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population?a. natural selection and genetic driftb. mutation and gene flowc. natural selection and gene flowd. gene flow and genetic drift
There are particular factors that cause the diversity in a gene pool to change. For each of the following statements, select the correct factor from the menu on the attached picture that is being described. The process by which organisms with certain heritable traits survive, passing on their traits to the next generation; determined by the environmental conditions of the time A change in allele frequencies caused by chance events in a small gene pool The movement of alleles into or out of a population by immigration or emigration The process of choosing mates based on the presence of certain traits or phenotypes and, thus, genotypes; traits are usually displayed in some form of courtship ritual A type of genetic drift that occurs when a natural disaster thins the population to a small group that happens to be unrepresentative of the original group; allele frequencies of the two groups will be dissimilar A type of genetic drift that occurs when a small population that is not…
Which of the following examples refers to microevolution? A.In a population of mice, individuals with dark fur are cryptic against the dark soil in their habitat and have higher fitness. Many generations later, the proportion of the population with the allele for dark fur has increased B. Two populations of the same species are reproductively isolated (no allels/individual , moving between the populations) Over many generations they become so different that they diverge into separate species C.In a population of lizards, a random event causes one allele to be lost from the population. So, future generations have a lower proportion (zero) of that alele.
Which of the following populations is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a. A population with 23 homozygous recessive individuals (yy), 7 homozygous dominant individuals (YY), and 4 heterozygous individuals (Yy) b. A population that receives new individuals from a normally distant population. c. q + p = 1 d. A population in which the allele frequencies do not change over time
Small population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?