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- 1. Write down an exchange economy model with two individuals and two goods, in whichthere is no consumption externality. State and explain the key assumptions of the model.Using the model, answer the following questions:(a) Explain carefully how the concept of Pareto efficiency differs from that of socialwelfare.(b) State the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics and explain carefully why it holds.What is the importance of the assumption of convex preferences to this theorem?(c) Explain the concept of the utility possibility frontier. What is the role of the utilitypossibility frontier in the social welfare maximization problem of a welfarist society?Which of the following assertions regarding the economic approach is false?a. The goal of economic approach is to maximise net benefits.b. A change is economically efficient as long as marginal benefit is at least as greatas marginal cost.c. A change is economically efficient as long as the marginal social benefits exceedsmarginal private benefits.d. Economists prefer incentive-based policies to command-and-control.is the provided Edgeworth box a good example of second-welfare economics theorem.
- 1. Write down an exchange economy model with two individuals and two goods, in whichthere is no consumption externality. State and explain the key assumptions of the model.Using the model, answer the following questions:(a) Explain carefully how the concept of Pareto efficiency differs from that of socialwelfare.(b) State the Second Theorem of Welfare Economics and explain carefully why it holds.What is the importance of the assumption of convex preferences to this theorem?What is social policy? What are some examples of social policy?Define social benefit.
- Battle of Sexes a. Find and explain all outcomes which are Pareto Efficient.b. Find all the possibilities of IEWDS equilibrium.c. Find all the pure NEs.d. Compare the result in (b) and (c), explain!Consider an economy that produces only two goods: Food and Clothing. The use of the resources of this economy produces monthly according to the table below: Alternative Clothes Foods A 0 9 B 3 7 C 5 4 D 6 two D 7 0 Ask if: a) Graph the production possibility curve of this economy b) Considering the same factor endowment in this economy, how would it be possible to increase the production of goods? c) Comment on the fact that this economy is actually producing 3 units of clothing and 5 of food d) Indicate the opportunity cost of situations A and CFirms A and B each produce 80 units of pollution. The federal government wants to reduce pollution levels. The marginal costs associated with pollution reduction are MCA = 50 + 3QA for firm A and MCB = 20 + 6QB for firm B, where QA and QB are the quantities of pollution reduced by each firm. Society’s marginal benefit from pollution reduction is given by MB = 590 – 3Qtot, where Qtot is the total reduction in pollution. Explain how the social optimum can be achieved if firms are given equal numbers of pollution permits but are allowed to trade
- The fundamental problem of welfare economics is to determine at which feasible allocation the economy should operate. Discuss the challenges of aggregating individual preferences into social preferences in order to identify the socially optimal allocation.Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer.The Coase theorem says that well-defined property rights and low transaction costs are needed in order for the social optimum to be guaranteed through bargaining.The utility possibility frontier for two individuals is given byUA + 2UB = 200.(a) On the graph paper provided, plot the utility possibility frontier.(b) Based on the function W(UA, UB) =max{UA, UB} on the utilitypossibility frontier in part (a), in order to maximize a Nietzschean social welfarefunction, what should be the values of UA and UB?(c) If we use a Rawlsian criterion, W(UA, UB) =min{UA, UB}, in orderto maximize the social welfare function, what should be the values of UA and UB?(d) If the social welfare is given by W(UA, UB) = U1/2A, U1/2B, in thiscase, with the utility possibility frontier in part (a) what should be the values ofUA and UB if social welfare is to be maximize?On the same graph plotted in part (a), show the three socialmaxima by drawing a Nietzschean isowelfare line through the Nietzscheanmaximum, a Rawlsian isowelfare line through the Rawlsian maximum and aCobb-Douglas isowelfare line through the Cobb-Douglas maximum.