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- Although styrene undergoes both cationic and anionic polymerizationequally well, one method is often preferred with substituted styrenes.Which method is preferred with each compound? Explain.Radical polymerization of styrene gives a linear polymer. Radical polymerization of a mixture of styrene and 1,4-divinylbenzene gives a cross-linked network polymer of the type shown in Figure 29.1. Show by drawing structural formulas how incorporation of a few percent of 1,4-divinylbenzene in the polymerization mixture gives a cross-linked polymer.Polyimides with the structure shown are used as coatings on glass and plastics to improve scratch resistance. How would you synthesize a polyimide? (See Problem 21-39.)
- Propylene forms only oligomer under normal free radical conditions, yet the monomer forms high-molecular-weight polymer if it is polymerized while trapped in the channels of a crystalline host substance such as urea or thiourea. Explain [G. Di Silvestro, P. Sozzani, and M. Farina, Polym. Preprints, 27(1), 92, 1986].Rank the following monomers in order of increasing reactivity toward cationic polymerization (least reactive to most reactive).Rank the following monomers in order of increasing reactivity toward anionic polymerization (least reactive to most reactive).
- Polymerization of 1 3 -hexadiene can yield in either cis (Z) or trans (E) polymer.on the other hand the polymerization of 1 4 -hexadiene will not have any isomer.Why?Although styrene undergoes both cationic and anionic polymerization equally well, one method is often preferred with substituted styrenes. Which method is preferred with each compound? Explain.Although styrene undergoes both cationic and anionic polymerization equally well, one method is often preferred with substituted styrenes.Which method is preferred with each compound? Explain.
- 1.- How does the molecular weight change vs % conversion in a step polymerization? Explain this behavior and why does it occur? 2.- Name at least 3 requirements for obtaining a high molecular weight polymer by step polymerization. 3.- How can you minimize cyclization reactions in a step polymerization? Explain with equations and narrative Why do you want to minimize cyclization? Is it possible to eliminate cyclic products completely?When certain cycloalkenes are used in metathesis reactions, ringopening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) occurs to form a highmolecular- weight polymer, as shown with cyclopentene as the starting material. The reaction is driven to completion by relief of strain in the cycloalkene.What products are formed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization of each alkene?Although chain branching in radical polymerizations can occur by intermolecular H abstraction as shown in Mechanism 30.2, chain branching can also occur by intramolecular H abstraction to form branched polyethylene that contains butyl groups as branches.a. Draw a stepwise mechanism that illustrates which H must be intramolecularly abstracted to form butyl substituents.b. Suggest a reason why the abstraction of this H is more facile than the abstraction of other H’s.