Answer the questions below It was not until 1928 that penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming,Professor of Bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital in London. Penicillin heralded the dawn of theantibiotic age. Before its introduction there was no effective treatment for infections such aspneumonia, gonorrhea or rheumatic fever. Hospitals were full of people with blood poisoningcontracted from a cut or a scratch, and doctors could do little for them but wait and hope.1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?2. Cells treated with penicillin do not die immediately, so how this antibiotic is effective?3. Why penicillin is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria?4. Explain penicillin resistance mechanisms among bacteria today and the causes why they gainedthis resistance and making this great life-saving drug not usable anymore.

Penicillin inhibits the cell wall of bacteria by blocking transpeptidase after binding to…

1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? 2. Cells treated with penicillin do not die immediately, so how this antibiotic is effective? 3. Why penicillin is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria? 4. Explain penicillin resistance mechanisms among bacteria today and the causes why they gained this resistance and making this great life-saving drug not usable anymore,

1. What is the mechanism of action of penicillin? 2. Cells treated with penicillin do not die immediately, so how this antibiotic is effective? 3. Why penicillin is most effective against Gram-positive bacteria? 4. Explain penicillin resistance mechanisms among bacteria today and the causes why they gained this resistance and making this great life-saving drug not usable anymore,

Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies (MindTap Course List)

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305964792

Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa

Publisher:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy Correa

Chapter42: Basic Microbiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5CR

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

In 2005 a typhoid outbreak in Delmas, South Africa, prompted the widespread testing of food andwater sources to ascertain the origin of the outbreak. However, the origin of the outbreak couldnot be definitively traced. In your view, what could have been the possible reasons for this state ofaffairs?
If a person contracted MRSA and no antibiotics are working on them, how would you go about finding a way to treat their infection? Describe, in detail, how you would devise a plan to save their life utilizing your knowledge of bacteria and viruses.
A microbiologist argued that there is no such thing as “normal” microbiota of the human body, since the population is dynamic and is constantly changing, depending on diet and external environment. What would be an argument against this microbiologist’s view?
a public health physician isolated large number of phages from rivers used as a source of drinking water in western africa. They physician is very concerned that humans might become ill from drinking this water, although she knows that the phages specifically attack bacteria. why is she concerned?
There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. If you were traveling in Europe, would you eat beef? Give sound reasons why or why not.
There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (vCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes vCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from vCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. What measures have been taken to stop BSE?
Which of the following is NOT a true statement? Infected people without symptoms can sometimes transmit their infection to others None of the other four answers (All are true statements) Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of death in some parts of the world For a given microbe, the number of cells or virus particles required to cause an infection (ID50) is always the same, regardless of the portal of entry Zoonoses can spread from animals to humans
A recent metagenomic study analyzed the microorganisms present on surfaces within the entire subway system of New York City. The researchers found hundreds of bacterial species in the subway, most of them nonpathogenic. Interestingly, almost half of all DNA found in the subway matches no known organism. A. The scientists found that different subway stations had characteristic microbiomes. How might this observation be useful to the police?
In general, infectious diseases that are commonly fatal are newly evolved relationships between the parasitic organism and the host. Why is this so?
John Smith is a pig farmer. For the past five years, Smith has been adding vitamins and low doses of antibiotics to his pig food; he says that these supplements enhance the growth of the pigs. Within the past year, however, several of his pigs died from infections of common bacteria, which failed to respond to large doses of antibiotics. Can you explain the increased rate of mortality due to infection in Smith’s pigs? What advice might you offer Smith to prevent this problem in the future?
In the Middle Ages, during massive plague epidemic, one of the control measures instituted was the quarantine of infected people. Why was this not successful?
Historians report that 2500 years ago the Chinese learned to treat superficial infections such as boils by applying moldy soybean curds to the area. Can you suggest what this implies? - Please dont use the same answer that is already posted.