Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system, also called the locomotor system, is an organ system that gives humans and animals the ability to move using their muscular and skeletal systems. It provides stability, form, support, and movement to the body. The skeleton is composed of bones (skeleton), muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together. The musculoskeletal system is subdivided into two broad systems, such as the muscular system and the skeletal system.
Skeletal structure
The skeletal system is the core framework of the human body. The skeletal structure comprises bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. The skeletal structure of our body acts as a support structure. It maintains the body's shape and is responsible for its movement, blood cell formation, protection of organs, and mineral storage. The skeletal system is referred to as the musculoskeletal system.
1. Which of the following drugs is not a cardioselective beta-blocker? *
A. Esmolol
B. Atenolol
C. Propranolol
D. Metoprolol
E. Bisoprolol
2. It is the ability of a drug to initiate cellular effects.
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Efficacy
D. Intrinsic Activity
3. What type of antagonism is exemplified when the interaction of two (2) drugs whose
opposing actions in the body tend to cancel each other’s effect?
A. Physiological antagonism
B. Pharmacokinetic antagonism
C. Chemical antagonism
D. Non-competitive antagonism
E. Pharmacological antagonism
4. Which enzyme breaks down the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nerve?
A. Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase
B. Acetylcholinesterase
C. Monoamine Oxidase
D. Decarboxylase
E. CYP isozymes
5. Which drug exhibits similar mechanism of action with Reserpine? *
A. Vesamicol
B. Pilocarpine
C. Botulinum toxin
D. Epinephrine
E. Neostigmine
6. Which of the following drugs is not a muscarinic-receptor antagonist used to
counteract cholinergic transmission? *
A. Urecholine
B. Scopolamine
C. Atropine
D. Hyoscine-N-Butyl-Bromide
E. Ipratropium
7. Which is the specific downstream activity of the secondary messenger for M2
receptors? *
A. IP3 release
B. NO release
C. Increased cAMP
D. Decreased cGMP
E. Decreased cAMP
8. Which of the following would least likely manifest as a side effect on the use of
cholinomimetic drugs? *
A. Micturation
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. Bradycardia
D. Dry mouth
E. Diarrhea
9. Which of the following is NOT a response after Atropine administration? *
A. Xerostomia
B. Dry skin
C. Micturation
D. Urinary retention
E. Tachycardia
10. Which of the following is NOT a sympathomimetic? *
A. Phenylephrine
B. Fenoldopam
C. Nebivolol
D. Clonidine
E. Albuterol
11. Which of the following is not an involuntary activity modified by the ANS? *
A. Salivary glands
B. Gastrointestinal walls
C. Bronchioles
D. Endocrine glands
E. Cardiac tissue
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