College Physics 1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168000
Author: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
1 Introduction: The Nature Of Science And Physics 2 Kinematics 3 Two-dimensional Kinematics 4 Dynamics: Force And Newton's Laws Of Motion 5 Further Applications Of Newton's Laws: Friction, Drag, And Elasticity 6 Uniform Circular Motion And Gravitation 7 Work, Energy, And Energy Resources 8 Linear Momentum And Collisions 9 Statics And Torque 10 Rotational Motion And Angular Momentum 11 Fluid Statics 12 Fluid Dynamics And Its Biological And Medical Applications 13 Temperature, Kinetic Theory, And The Gas Laws 14 Heat And Heat Transfer Methods 15 Thermodynamics 16 Oscillatory Motion And Waves 17 Physics Of Hearing 18 Electric Charge And Electric Field 19 Electric Potential And Electric Field 20 Electric Current, Resistance, And Ohm's Law 21 Circuits And Dc Instruments 22 Magnetism 23 Electromagnetic Induction, Ac Circuits, And Electrical Technologies 24 Electromagnetic Waves 25 Geometric Optics 26 Vision And Optical Instruments 27 Wave Optics 28 Special Relativity 29 Introduction To Quantum Physics 30 Atomic Physics 31 Radioactivity And Nuclear Physics 32 Medical Applications Of Nuclear Physics 33 Particle Physics 34 Frontiers Of Physics Chapter27: Wave Optics
Chapter Questions Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1CQ: What type of experimental evidence indicates that light is a wave? Problem 2CQ: Give an example of a wave characteristic of light that is easily observed outside the laboratory. Problem 3CQ: How do wave effects depend on the size of the object with which the wave interacts? For example, why... Problem 4CQ: Under what conditions can light be modeled like a ray? Like a wave? Problem 5CQ: Go outside in the sunlight and observe your shadow. It has fuzzy edges even if you do not. Is this a... Problem 6CQ: Why does the wavelength of light decrease when it passes from vacuum into a medium? State which... Problem 7CQ: Does Huygens's principle apply to all types of waves? Problem 8CQ: Young's double slit experiment breaks a single light beam into two sources. Would the same pattern... Problem 9CQ: Suppose you use the same double slit to perform Young's double slit experiment in air and then... Problem 10CQ: Is it possible to create a situation in which there is only destructive interference? Explain. Problem 11CQ: Figure 27.55 shows the central part of the interference pattern for a pure wavelength of red light... Problem 12CQ: What is the advantage of a diffraction grating over a double slit in dispersing light into a... Problem 13CQ: What are the advantages of a diffraction grating over a prism in dispersing light for spectral... Problem 14CQ: Can the lines in a diffraction grating be too close together to be useful as a spectroscopic tool... Problem 15CQ: If a beam of white light passes through a diffraction grating with vertical lines, the light is... Problem 16CQ: Suppose pure-wavelength light falls on a diffraction grating. What happens to the interference... Problem 17CQ: Suppose a feather appears green but has no green pigment. Explain in terms of diffraction. Problem 18CQ: It is possible that there is no minimum in the interference pattern of a single slit. Explain why.... Problem 19CQ: As the width of the slit producing a single-slit diffraction pattern is reduced, how will the... Problem 20CQ: A beam of light always spreads out. Why can a beam not be created with parallel rays to prevent... Problem 21CQ: What effect does increasing the wedge angle have on the spacing of interference fringes? If the... Problem 22CQ: How is the difference in paths taken by two originally in-phase light waves related to whether they... Problem 23CQ: Is there a phase change in the light reflected from either sulfate of a contact lens floating on a... Problem 24CQ: In placing a sample on a microscope slide, a glass cover is placed over a water drop on the glass... Problem 25CQ: Answer the above question if the fluid between the two pieces of crown glass is carbon disulfide. Problem 26CQ: While contemplating the food value of a slice of ham, you notice a rainbow of color reflected from... Problem 27CQ: An inventor notices that a soap bubble is dark at its thinnest and realizes that destructive... Problem 28CQ: A non-reflective coating like the one described in Example 27.6 works ideally for a single... Problem 29CQ: Why is it much more difficult to see interference fringes for light reflected from a thick piece of... Problem 30CQ: Under what circumstances is the phase of light changed by reflection? Is the phase related to... Problem 31CQ: Can a sound wave in air be polarized? Explain. Problem 32CQ: No light passes through two perfect polarizing filters with perpendicular axes. However, if a third... Problem 33CQ: Explain what happens to the energy carried by light that it is dimmed by passing it through two... Problem 34CQ: When particles scattering light are smaller than its wavelength, the amount of scattering is... Problem 35CQ: Using the information given in the preceding question, explain why sunsets are red. Problem 36CQ: When light is reflected at Brewster's angle from a smooth surface, it is 100% polarized parallel to... Problem 37CQ: Explain how microscopes can use wave optics to improve contrast and why this is important. Problem 38CQ: A bright white light under water is collimated and directed upon a prism, What range of colors does... Problem 1PE: Show that when light passes from air to water, its wavelength decreases to 0.750 times its original... Problem 2PE: Find the range of visible wavelengths of light in crown glass. Problem 3PE: What is the index of refraction of a material for which the wavelength of light is 0.671 times its... Problem 4PE: Analysis of an interference effect in a clear solid shows that the wavelength of light in the solid... Problem 5PE: What is the ratio of thicknesses of crown glass and water that would contain the same number of... Problem 6PE: At what angle is the first-order maximum for 450-nm wavelength blue light falling on double slits... Problem 7PE: Calculate the angle for the third-order maximum of 580-nm wavelength yellow light falling on double... Problem 8PE: What is the separation between two slits for which 610-nm orange light has its first maximum at an... Problem 9PE: Find the distance between two slits that produces the first minimum for 410-nm violet light at an... Problem 10PE: Calculate the wavelength of light that has its third minimum at an angle of 30.0° when falling on... Problem 11PE: What is the wavelength of light falling on double slits separated by 2.00 m if the third-order... Problem 12PE: At what angle is the fourth-order maximum for the situation in Exercise 27.6? Problem 13PE: What is the highest-order maximum for 400-nm light falling on double slits separated by 25.0 m ? Problem 14PE: Find the largest wavelength of light falling on double slits separated by 1.20 m for which there is... Problem 15PE: What is the smallest separation between two slits that will produce a second-order maximum for... Problem 16PE: (a) What is the smallest separation between two slits that will produce a second-order maximum for... Problem 17PE: (a) If the first-order maximum for pure-wavelength light falling on a double slit is at an angle of... Problem 18PE: Figure 27.56 shows a double slit located a distance x from a screen, with the distance from the... Problem 19PE: Using the result of the problem above, calculate the distance between fringes for 633-nm light... Problem 20PE: Using the result of the problem two problems prior, find the wavelength of light that produces... Problem 21PE: A diffraction grating has 2000 lines per centimeter. At what angle will the first-order maximum be... Problem 22PE: Find the angle for the third-order maximum for 580-nm-wavelength yellow light falling on a... Problem 23PE: How many lines per centimeter are there on a diffraction grating that gives a first-order maximum... Problem 24PE: What is the distance between lines on a diffraction grating that produces a second-order maximum for... Problem 25PE: Calculate the wavelength of light that has its second-order maximum at 45.0° when falling on a... Problem 26PE: An electric current through hydrogen gas produces several distinct wavelengths of visible light.... Problem 27PE: (a) What do the four angles in the above problem become if a 5000-line-per-centimeter diffraction... Problem 28PE: What is the maximum number of lines per centimeter a diffraction grating can have and produce a... Problem 29PE: The yellow light from a sodium vapor lamp seems to be of pure wavelength, but it produces two... Problem 30PE: What is the spacing between structures in a feather that acts as a reflection grating, given that... Problem 31PE: Structures on a bird feather act like a reflection grating having 8000 lines per centimeter. What is... Problem 32PE: An opal such as that shown in Figure 27.17 acts like a reflection grating with rows separated by... Problem 33PE: At what angle does a diffraction grating produces a second-order maximum for light having a... Problem 34PE: Show that a diffraction grating cannot produce a second-order maximum for a given wavelength of... Problem 35PE: If a diffraction grating produces a first-order maximum for the shortest wavelength of visible light... Problem 36PE: (a) Find the maximum number of lines per centimeter a diffraction grating can have and produce a... Problem 37PE: €37. (a) Show that a 30,000-line-per-centimeter grating will not produce a maximum for visible... Problem 38PE: A He—Ne laser beam is reflected from the surface of a CD onto a wall. The brightest spot is the... Problem 39PE: The analysis shown in the figure below also applies to diffraction gratings with lines separated by... Problem 40PE: Unreasonable Results Red light of wavelength of 700 nm falls on a double slit separated by 400 nm.... Problem 41PE: Unreasonable Results (a) What visible wavelength has its fourth-order maximum at an angle of 25.0°... Problem 42PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider a spectrometer based on a diffraction grating. Construct a... Problem 43PE: (a) At what angle is the first minimum for 550-nm light falling on a single slit of width 1.00 m ?... Problem 44PE: (a) Calculate the angle at which a 2.00- m -wide slit produces its first minimum for 410-nm violet... Problem 45PE: (a) How wide is a single slit that produces its first minimum for 633-nm light at an angle of 28.0°?... Problem 46PE: (a) What is the width of a single slit that produces its first minimum at 60.0° for 600-nm light?... Problem 47PE: Find the wavelength of light that has its third minimum at an angle of 48.6° when it falls on a... Problem 48PE: Calculate the wavelength of light that produces its first minimum at an angle of 36.9° when falling... Problem 49PE: (a) Sodium vapor light averaging 589 nm in wavelength falls on a single slit of width 7.50 m. At... Problem 50PE: (a) Find the angle of the third diffraction minimum for 633-nm light falling on a slit of width 20.0... Problem 51PE: (a) Find the angle between the first minima for the two sodium vapor lines, which have wavelengths... Problem 52PE: (a) What is the minimum width of a single slit (in multiples of ) that will produce a first minimum... Problem 53PE: (a) If a single slit produces a first minimum at 14.5°, at what angle is the second-order minimum?... Problem 54PE: A double slit produces a diffraction pattern that is a combination of single and double slit... Problem 55PE: Integrated Concepts A water break at the entrance to a harbor consists of a rock barrier with a... Problem 56PE: Integrated Concepts An aircraft maintenance technician walks past a tall hangar door that acts like... Problem 57PE: The 300-m-diameter Arecibo radio telescope pictured in Figure 27.28 detects radio waves with a 4.00... Problem 58PE: Assuming the angular resolution found for the Hubble Telescope in Example 27.5, what is the smallest... Problem 59PE: Diffraction spreading for a flashlight is insignificant compared with other limitations in its... Problem 60PE: (a) What is the minimum angular spread of a 633-nm wavelength He-Ne laser beam that is originally... Problem 61PE: A telescope can be used to enlarge the diameter of a laser beam and limit diffraction spreading. The... Problem 62PE: The limit to the eye's acuity is actually related to diffraction by the pupil. (a) What is the angle... Problem 63PE: What is the minimum diameter mirror on a telescope that would allow you to see details as small as... Problem 64PE: You are told not to shoot until you see the whites of their eyes. If the eyes are separated by 6.5... Problem 65PE: (a) The planet Pluto and its Moon Charon are separated by 19,600 km. Neglecting atmospheric effects,... Problem 66PE: The headlights of a car are 1.3 m apart. What is the maximum distance at which the eye can resolve... Problem 67PE: When dots are placed on a page from a laser printer, they must be close enough so that you do not... Problem 68PE: Unreasonable Results An amateur astronomer wants to build a telescope with a diffraction limit that... Problem 69PE: Construct Your Own Problem Consider diffraction limits for an electromagnetic wave interacting with... Problem 70PE: A soap bubble is 100 nm thick and illuminated by white light incident perpendicular to its surface.... Problem 71PE: An oil slick on water is 120 nm thick and illuminated by white light incident perpendicular to its... Problem 72PE: Calculate the minimum thickness of an oil slick on water that appears blue when illuminated by white... Problem 73PE: Find the minimum thickness of a soap bubble that appears red when illuminated by white light... Problem 74PE: A film of soapy water (n=1.33) on top of a plastic cutting board has a thickness of 233 nm. What... Problem 75PE: What are the three smallest non-zero thicknesses of soapy water (n=1.33) on Plexiglas if it appears... Problem 76PE: Suppose you have a lens system that is to be used primarily for 700-nm red light. What is the second... Problem 77PE: (a) As a soap bubble thins it becomes dark, because the path length difference becomes small... Problem 78PE: A film of oil on water will appear dark when it is very thin, because the path length difference... Problem 79PE: Figure 27.34 shows two glass slides illuminated by pure-wavelength light incident perpendicularly.... Problem 80PE: Figure 27.34 shows two 7.50-cm-long glass slides illuminated by pure 589-nm wavelength light... Problem 81PE: Repeat Exercise 27.70, but take the light to be incident at a 45° angle. Problem 82PE: Repeat Exercise 27.71, but take the light to be incident at a 45° angle. Problem 83PE: Unreasonable Results To save money on making military aircraft invisible to radar, an inventor... Problem 84PE: What angle is needed between the direction of polarized light and the axis of a polarizing filter to... Problem 85PE: The angle between the axes of two polarizing filters is 45.0°. By how much does the second filter... Problem 86PE: If you have completely polarized light of intensity 150 W/m2, what will its intensity be after... Problem 87PE: What angle would the axis of a polarizing filter need to make with the direction of polarized light... Problem 88PE: At the end of Example 27.8, it was stated that the intensity of polarized light is reduced to 90.0%... Problem 89PE: Show that if you have three polarizing filters, with the second at an angle of 45° to the first and... Problem 90PE: Prove that, if I is the intensity of light transmitted by two polarizing filters with axes at an... Problem 91PE: At what angle will light reflected from diamond be completely polarized? Problem 92PE: What is Brewster's angle for light traveling in water that is reflected from crown glass? Problem 93PE: A scuba diver sees light reflected from the water's surface. At what angle will this light be... Problem 94PE: At what angle is light inside crown glass completely polarized when reflected from water, as in a... Problem 95PE: Light reflected at 55.6° from a window is completely polarized. What is the window's index of... Problem 96PE: (a) Light reflected at 62.5° from a gemstone in a ring is completely polarized. Can the gem be a... Problem 97PE: If b is Brewster's angle for light reflected from the top of an interface between two substances,... Problem 98PE: Integrated Concepts If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 50.0% of its... Problem 99PE: Integrated Concepts Suppose you put on two pairs of Polaroid sunglasses with their axes at an angle... Problem 100PE: Integrated Concepts (a) On a day when the intensity of sunlight is 1.00 kW/m2, a circular lens 0.200... Problem 23CQ: Is there a phase change in the light reflected from either sulfate of a contact lens floating on a...
Related questions
By what percent is the speed of blue light (450 nm) less
Transcribed Image Text: 1.7-
Silicate flint glass
31.6
Borate flint glass
Quartz
FIGURE 24–14
Index of refraction
as a function of
Silicate crown glass
wavelength for
various transparent
Fused quartz
solids.
1.4
400
500
600
700
Wavelength (nm)
Green Yellow Orange
Violet Blue
Red
Refractive index
Definition Definition Rate at which light travels, measured in a vacuum. The speed of light is a universal physical constant used in many areas of physics, most commonly denoted by the letter c . The value of the speed of light c = 299,792,458 m/s, but for most of the calculations, the value of the speed of light is approximated as c = 3 x 10 8 m/s.
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