1.Suppose the Phillips curve is represented by the following equation: Tt-Tt-1 = 12-Ut. The natural rate of unemployment in this economy is? (show your working) 2.A $100 (real) billion increase in government spending, G will have which of the following effects in the medium run? 3.A reduction in unemployment insurance will cause the wS relation to shift down, explain why?
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- Suppose πt = πt−1 −2(ut −0.04) is the Phillips Curve equation in the economy. Answer thefollowing questions.a. What is the natural rate of unemployment?b. Graph the short run and the long run relationship between inflation and unemployment.c. How much cyclical unemployment is necessary to reduce inflation by 10 percentagepoint?d. The inflation is running at 12 percent. The Central Bank wants to reduce it to 9 percent.Give two scenarios that will achieve the goal.The Philips curve in an economy is given by a = Επ- 0.5 (u - 6). Assume that the economy starts out at its natural unemployment rate and expected inflation Ex = 5.25%. If output decreases by 2%, using Okun's Law and the Phillips curve relation, what is actual inflation π ?Describe the Phillips curve (O.G., not modified/expectations) and drawa graph of the relationship. How good was this model with 1960’s data vswith data from 1970-2000’s? Explain.
- Answer the following questions briefly.a How is the Phillips curve related to aggregate supply?b. What are the differences between demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation?c. On what market imperfection does each aggregate supply theory rely? What dothe theories have in common?An economy has the following equation for the Phillips Curve: π = Eπ − 0.5(u − 6)People form expectations of inflation by taking a weighted average of the previous two years of inflation: Okun’s law for this economy is: Eπ = 0.7π−1 + 0.3π−2 (Y −Y−1)/(Y-1)=3.0−2.0(u−u−1) Th economy begins at its natural rate of unemployment with a stable inflation rate of 5 percent. 1. What is the natural rate of unemployment for this economy? 2. Graph the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment that this economy faces. Label the point where the economy begins as A. 3. A fall in aggregate demand leads to a recession, causing the unemployment rate to rise 4 percentage points above its natural rate. On your graph, label the point the economy experiences that year as point B.Suppose that the Phillips curve is given byπ t = π te − α ( u t − u n ) ,where the estimated value of the natural rate of unemployment, un = 4.5% and α = 0.4. The expectations are myopic (i.e. fully backward), thus πte = πt−1.a) What is the sacrifice ratio in this economy? Explain in words.Suppose that at time t = 0 unemployment is initially equal to the natural rate (i.e. u0 = 4.5%) and π0 = 7.5%. The central bank decides that 7.5% inflation is too high and that starting in year 1 it will decrease inflation to 3.5%.
- 5. Consider the Phillips curve πt = πt-1 – 0.5(ut – 0.01). a) What is the natural rate of unemployment? Graph the short-run and long-run relationships between inflation and unemployment? b) How much unemployment is necessary to reduce inflation by 3%? Compute the sacrifice ratio. Show your work. c) Do flexible exchange rates permit a country to pick its own unemployment-inflation trade-off target?Do you observe a Phillips curve, a reverse Phillips curve, or no relationship in the long-run?Explain your answer! What does this imply about the stability of the short-run Phillips curveover time? I attach a picture. Just answer if there is a Phillips curve, a reverse Phillips Curve or no relationship and why you think so. Thank you.Suppose that an economy has the Phillips curvep=p-1 - O.S(u - 0.06),a) What is the natural rate of unemployment?b) Graph the short-run and long-run relationships between inflation and unemployment.c) How much cyclical unemployment is necessary to reduce inflation by S percentage points?d) Using Okun's law, compute the sacrifice ratio e.e)Inflation is running at 10 percent. The Fed wants to reduce it to 5 percent. Give Iwoscenarios that will achieve that goal.
- Consider the expectations adjusted Phillips’s curve and assume that expected inflation is given by πet = πt-1. Suppose that unemployment is initially equal to the natural rate and that π=10%. The central bank decides that inflation is too high and that, starting in year t, it will maintain the unemployment rate 1% point above the natural rate until the inflation rate has decreased to 2%. (a) What is the sacrifice ratio in this economy [Hint: the sacrifice ratio is the percentage of a year’s excess unemployment needed to reduce inflation by 1%. For a Philips curve given as πet − πt −1 = −α (ut − un ), the sacrifice ratio is 1/α]? (b) Compute the rate of inflation for year t, t+1, t+2, t+3, …, t+8. (c) For how many years must the central bank keep the unemployment rate above the natural rate of unemployment? Is the implied sacrifice ratio consistent with your answer to (a)?a) Explain the concept of the natural rate of unemployment using the expectations-augmented (modified or modern) Phillips curve model. b) Why is this model useful for policy-makers?a) Are the effects of an increase in aggregate demand in the AD-AS model consistent with the Phillips curve? Explain. b. Discuss the factors determining the slope of the short-run Phillips curve. Is the linear shape appropriate? Why or why not?