11. Sodium, chloride, and potassium ions are involved in setting up voltages across neuronal membranes. a. Describe the equilibrium potential and resting membrane potential in your own words. How would you find the equilibrium potential of sodium? What else would you have to consider to find the resting membrane potential? b. How does the membrane potential change in response to opening selectively permeable chloride channels (assuming Ec is more negative than Vrest)? C. How does the membrane potential change in response to opening selectively permeable sodium channels instead (assuming Ena is more positive than Vrest)? d. Describe a situation in which chloride ions can result in the same change in membrane potential as the sodium ions in the question above.

11. Sodium, chloride, and potassium ions are involved in setting up voltages across neuronal membranes. a. Describe the equilibrium potential and resting membrane potential in your own words. How would you find the equilibrium potential of sodium? What else would you have to consider to find the resting membrane potential? b. How does the membrane potential change in response to opening selectively permeable chloride channels (assuming Ec is more negative than Vrest)? C. How does the membrane potential change in response to opening selectively permeable sodium channels instead (assuming Ena is more positive than Vrest)? d. Describe a situation in which chloride ions can result in the same change in membrane potential as the sodium ions in the question above.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5TYK: The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the...

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The major role of the Na+/K+ pump is to: a. cause a rapid firing of the action potential so the inside of themembrane becomes momentarily positive. b. decrease the resting membrane potential to zero. c. hyperpolarize the membrane above resting value. d. cause an action potential to enter a refractory period. e. maintain the resting membrane potential at a constantnegative value.
After an action potential, the opening of additional____voltage-gated ____ channels and The inactivation of sodium channels, cause the membrane to return to its resting membrane potential. sodium potassium calcium chloride
Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.
8. The resting potential of a neuron that is submerged in a solution with zero extracellular potassium will because. A) hyperpolarize; the driving force for potassium to enter the cell increases B) depolarize; the driving force for potassium to exit the cell increases C) hyperpolarize; the driving force for potassium to exit the cell increases D) depolarize; the driving force for potassium to exit the cell decreases E) hyperpolarize; the driving force for potassium to exit the cell decreases
1. The graph above represent time in milliseconds. At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? 2. Explain why the membrane potential changes at X 3. Explain what is happening at point C to the sodium and potassium ions and how this is affecting the membrane potential 4. Describe two things that contribute to the resting membrane potential
4. What happens to the inside membrane polarity after depolarization? 5. Why does the next Na+ gated channel open after the previous channel opened? 6. How do Na+ and K+ channels differ with regard to length of time they are open?
1. An action potential does occur in response to a _____ , which strong enough to depolarize the membrane to threshold.
6. How are action potentials created? What is the process with regard to membrane potential, sodium, and potassium? Why is there a refractory period and why is there an undershoot?
1. Now assume that you have a typical neuron that has very few Na+ channels open relative to the number of K+ channels. This is the condition of a neuron that is at rest. What will the resting membrane potential be? 2. Suppose a neuron’s resting potential is -70 mV. What will happen to the membrane potential if you could open more K+ channels open more Na+ channels
Assume a neuron's membrane potential is -60 mV, what's the net consequence on the membrane potential of a 5 picoamp (pA) sodium current that occurs simultaneously with a 5 pA chloride current? a. There's a 5 pA hyperpolarizing current b. There's a 10 pA depolarizing current c. There's a 10 pA hyperpolarizing current d. There's a 5 pA depolarizing current e. There's no change in the membrane potential
3. Fluorescent FM dyes partition reversibly into biological membranes withoutpenetrating through them. Suppose that you have neurons cultured in a dish. Youincubate the neurons with an FM dye, and then you wash them with medium toremove the dye.a) You find that if the neurons are stimulated to trigger action potentials duringincubation with the dye, the synaptic regions of the neurons remain fluorescentafter the wash. Propose an explanation for this effect.b) After generating fluorescent synaptic regions by this procedure, suppose that youtrigger additional action potentials while continuing to wash with medium. Wouldyou expect the synaptic regions to lose fluorescence? Explain.
1.) In an experiment you artificially cut in half (~50% reduction) the number of voltage gated sodium channels that are located on the membrane of the axon hillock. Which of the following is the most likely result of this experimental manipulation? A. Summation of more IPSPs would be required for an action potential to occur B. This change would have no effect on the value required to reach threshold C. Even with a very large number of summating EPSPs it would be impossible for an action potential to occur D. The value to reach threshold would be higher (more positive) making it less likely for an action potential to occur E. All of the above statements are FALSE