Reactive Intermediates
In chemistry, reactive intermediates are termed as short-lived, highly reactive atoms with high energy. They rapidly transform into stable particles during a chemical reaction. In specific cases, by means of matrix isolation and at low-temperature reactive intermediates can be isolated.
Hydride Shift
A hydride shift is a rearrangement of a hydrogen atom in a carbocation that occurs to make the molecule more stable. In organic chemistry, rearrangement of the carbocation is very easily seen. This rearrangement can be because of the movement of a carbocation to attain stability in the compound. Such structural reorganization movement is called a shift within molecules. After the shifting of carbocation over the different carbon then they form structural isomers of the previous existing molecule.
Vinylic Carbocation
A carbocation where the positive charge is on the alkene carbon is known as the vinyl carbocation or vinyl cation. The empirical formula for vinyl cation is C2H3+. In the vinyl carbocation, the positive charge is on the carbon atom with the double bond therefore it is sp hybridized. It is known to be a part of various reactions, for example, electrophilic addition of alkynes and solvolysis as well. It plays the role of a reactive intermediate in these reactions.
Cycloheptatrienyl Cation
It is an aromatic carbocation having a general formula, [C7 H7]+. It is also known as the aromatic tropylium ion. Its name is derived from the molecule tropine, which is a seven membered carbon atom ring. Cycloheptatriene or tropylidene was first synthesized from tropine.
Stability of Vinyl Carbocation
Carbocations are positively charged carbon atoms. It is also known as a carbonium ion.
Rearrangements can occur during the dehydration of 1° alcohols even
though no 1° carbocation is formed—that is, a 1,2-shift occurs as the C—
OH2+ bond is broken, forming a more stable 2° or 3° carbocation, as
shown in Equation [1]. Using this information, draw a stepwise
mechanism for the reaction shown in Equation [2]. We will see another
example of this type of rearrangement
![1,2-shift
R
[1]
`H + H,ö:
HÖ
1° alcohol
no 1° carbocation
2° carbocation
at this step
OH
H2SO4
[2]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F65c85c50-67ab-4ee1-9196-51fadb976c5a%2Ffbf597a0-9fab-4818-b838-b1bb91a18acb%2F5akm3b.png&w=3840&q=75)
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