13. Suppose your budget is $100, the price of capital is and the price of capital r=$10, and the price of labor, w=$5. Suppose that if you pay a fee of $20 you get a "buy-one-get one free discount" on capital; the wage rate also rises to $10. If you spend all your money in one input (either labor or capital), what is the maximum amount of capital that you can afford after these changes? a. L=16; K=16 b. L=10; K=20 c. L=10; K=16 d. L=8; K=16 Drw bour whi information:

13. Suppose your budget is $100, the price of capital is and the price of capital r=$10, and the price of labor, w=$5. Suppose that if you pay a fee of $20 you get a "buy-one-get one free discount" on capital; the wage rate also rises to $10. If you spend all your money in one input (either labor or capital), what is the maximum amount of capital that you can afford after these changes? a. L=16; K=16 b. L=10; K=20 c. L=10; K=16 d. L=8; K=16 Drw bour whi information:

Principles of Microeconomics

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305156050

Author:N. Gregory Mankiw

Publisher:N. Gregory Mankiw

Chapter18: The Markets For The Factor Of Production

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8PA

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1.Explain how a firm uses resources price and value data to determine the appropriate combination of capital and labor resources to use in order to maximize profits. 2.how does this change when the firm want to produce a specific quantity of product with the least cost combination of resources? 3. if a software firm estimates that the MP of labor is 3 apps per month and the price is labor is $1100 per month, while the MP of capital is 5apps per month and its price is $2000, should the firm hire more labor and decrease its capital use or increase its use of capital and use fewer labor resources?
Since the end of World War II, manufacturing firms in the United States and in Europe have been moving farther and farther outside of central cities. At the same time, firms in finance, insurance, and other parts of the service sector have been locating near downtown areas in tall buildings. One major reason seems to be that manufacturing firms find it difficult to substitute capital for land, whereas service-sector firms that use office space do not. a. What kinds of buildings represent the substitution of capital for land? b. Why do you think that manufacturing firms might find it difficult to substitute capital for land? c. Why is it relatively easier for a law firm or an insurance company to substitute capital for land?
What determines whether a good is “capital” or a “consumer good”? How it is purchased: with business funds or with personal funds How it is used: to produce further wealth, or to be consumed Where it is located: in a home or in a business Where it is purchased: from a wholesaler or from a retailer Who uses it: the person buying it or an employee of theirs
(Please explain with graphic) Suppose that a consumer cannot vary hours of work as he or she chooses. In particular, he or she must choose between working q hours and not working at all, where q > 0. Suppose that dividend income is zero, and that the consumer pays a tax T if he or she works, and receives a benefit b when not working, interpreted as an unemployment insurance payment. a. If the wage rate increases, how does this affect the consumer’s hours of work? What does this have to say about what we would observe about the behavior of actual consumers when wages change? Explained also with the graph b. Suppose that the unemployment insurance benefit increases. How will this affect hours of work? Explain the implications of this for unemployment insurance programs. Explained also with the graph
Consider the “production” of food, which uses various types of inputs: “labor” (e.g., cooks); “capital” (e.g., restaurants and equipment); and “raw materials” (e.g., ingredients). Suppose that labor accounts for 50% of fast food costs while capital and raw materials account for 25% each. Briefly explain whether each of the following parts are true, false, or uncertain a. If raw material prices double (i.e., increase by 100%) while labor and capital prices are unchanged, then using the same mix of labor, capital, and raw materials will require a 25% increase in expenditures. b. If raw material prices double (i.e., increase by 100%) while labor and capital prices are unchanged, then achieving the same health outcomes (i.e., producing the same amount of “output”) will require a 25% increase in expenditures.
The table below shows the marginal benefit for various inputs. Assume that each level represents a $100 investment, and answer the following questions. (a) If you have an unlimited budget, how much would you spend on each input? Explain.(b) Now, assume you can spend a maximimum of $500. What would you spend on each inputnow? What order would you buy them in?(c) Finally, assume you can borrow as much as you want with an interest rate of 10%. How muchwill you borrow and how will you spend it if you have to pay back the loan within 1 year?
Assume that a competitive economy can be described by a constant returns to scale, Cobb–Douglas, pro- duction function. Suppose that in this economy all factors of production are fully employed. Holding other factors constant, including the quantity of capital and technology, carefully explain how a one-time, 10-percent decrease in the quantity of labor will change labor’s share of total income?
1. According to part A of Table 5-1, what education level loses most (i.e., has the greatest decrease in wage) from immigration to the United States? Does this result depend on keeping the rental on capital constant? Explain why or why not. 2. Suppose that computers use 2 units of capital for each worker, so that KC = 2 • LC, whereas shoes use 0.5 unit of capital for each worker, so that KS = 0.5 • LS. There are 100 workers and 100 units of capital in the economy. a. Solve for the amount of labor and capital used in each industry. Hint: The box diagram shown in Figure 5-7 means that the amount of labor and capital used in each industry must add up to the total for the economy, so that Use these two equations to solve for LC and LS, and then calculate the amount of capital used in each industry using KC = 2 • LC and KS = 0.5 • LS. b. Suppose that the number of workers increases to 125 due to immigration, keeping total capital fixed at 100. Again, solve…
Indicate whether the following statetment is true, false or uncertain and briefly explain why. Use formulas or diagram whenever necessary. Suppose that a firm uses capital, K and labor, L in order to produce output and that rental price of capital is v and wage rate of labor is w. If w decreases, then the demand for capital by the firm will decrease.
(a) Complete the following table and draw the corresponding graphs. Capital inputs Labor inputs Total product Average product Marginal product 20 0 0 20 1 15 20 2 34 20 3 51 20 4 65 20 5 74 20 6 80 20 7 80 20 8 75 (b) What is relationship between MP and AP? Explain why MP first rises, then declines and ultimately becomes negative? (c) Whether the above phenomenon is long run or short run and why? (d) Does law of diminishing marginal returns holds in above scenario? Why and why not.
5 Supposing that a single consumer works for a firm, the quantity of labor input for the firm, N, is identical to the quantity of hours worked by the consumer, h - l. Graph the relationship between output produced, Y on the vertical axis and leisure hours of the consumer, l, on the horizontal axis, which is implied by the production function of the firm. (In Chapter 5, we refer to this relationship as the production possibilities frontier.) What is the slope of the curve you have graphed? PLEASE DO NOT COPY OTHER PEOPLE'S WORK AND GRAPH
Short Answer Assume there are two goods: airplanes (a) and bananas (b). The labor-to-capital ratios are 4 and 8, respectively. The labor-to-capital ratio in the wholeeconomy is 5. What is the fraction of capital (over the total amount of capital in the economy) used in the production of airplanes? Assume there is one good in the economy. The good is produced using a standard Cobb-Douglas production function. Give an intuition for why output price does not affect the capital-to-labor ratio?