14.24 Antibiotic Resistance. According to CDC estimates, at least 2.8 millionpeople in the United States are sickened each year with antibiotic-resistantinfections, and at least 35,000 die as a result. Antibiotic resistance occurs whendisease-causing microbes become resistant to antibiotic drug therapy. Becausethis resistance is typically genetic and transferred to the next generations ofmicrobes, it is a very serious public health problem. Of the infections consideredmost serious by the CDC, gonorrhea has an estimated 1.14 million new casesoccurring annually, and approximately 50% of those cases are resistant to anyantibiotic. A public health clinic in California sees eight patients with gonorrheain a given week.a. What is the distribution of X, the number of these eight cases that areresistant to any antibiotic?b. What are the mean and standard deviation of X?c. Find the probability that exactly one of the cases is resistant to anyantibiotic. What is the probability that at least one case is resistant to anyantibiotic? (Hint: It is easier to first find the probability that exactly zero ofthe eight cases were resistant.)

GivenThe percentage of new gonorrhea cases which are resistant to any antibiotic p=50% or 0.5 The…

Answered: 14.24 Antibiotic Resistance. According…

Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition 2012

1st Edition

ISBN:9780547587776

Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Chapter11: Data Analysis And Probability

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8CR

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In a study reported in the July 2007 issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, researchers investigated whether veterans are more likely to commit suicide than nonveterans. They spent 12 years following 104,000 veterans who had served in the armed forces between 1917 and 1994, and compared them with 216,000 nonveterans. They found that 197 veterans and 311 nonveterans committed suicide. Q: How many times more times is a veteran likely to commit suicide than a nonveteran? Round all values to 3 decimal places. Show as much work as possible.
Do well-rounded people get fewer colds? A study on the Chronicle of Higher Education was conducted by scientist at Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia. They found that people who have only a few social outlets get more colds than those who are involved in a variety of social activities. Suppose that of the 276 healthy men and women tested, n1=96 had only a few social outlets and n2=105 were busy with six or more activities. When these people were exposed to a cold virus, the following results were observed: Construct a 99% confidence interval for the difference in the two population proportions.
Birthweight In 2003 the Journal of the AmericanMedical Association reported a study examining thepossible impact of air pollution caused by the 9/11 attack New York’s World Trade Center on the weight ofbabies. Researchers found that 8% of 182 babies born tomothers who were exposed to heavy doses of soot andash on September 11 were classified as having low birthweight. Only 4% of 2300 babies born in another NewYork City hospital whose mothers had not been near thesite of the disaster were similarly classified. Does thisindicate a possibility that air pollution might be linked toa significantly higher proportion of low-weight babies?a) Was this an experiment? Explain. b) Test an appropriate hypothesis and state your conclu-sion in context. c) If you concluded there is a difference, estimate thatdifference with a confidence interval and interpret thatinterval in context.
FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) attacks a cat's immune system causing FAIDS (feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). It is estimated that between 2 and 25 percent of the global domestic cat population is infected with the virus. FIV is primarily transmitted from cat to cat through biting. A one-step immunochromatographic (IC) test has been developed for the detection of FIV antibodies. It is estimated that 94.7% of cats with FIV test positive and 96.1% of cats without FIV test negative using this test. Assume that 5% of the local cat population is actually infected with FIV.Use this information to answer the following: (a) For a population of 100 000 cats:i. how many are estimated to be infected with FIV?ii. how many of the cats in (a)(i) will test positive? (b) Use your answers from (a) to help construct a 2 x 2 table of counts displaying the results for this sample. Complete the table. (c) Estimate the proportion of local cats that would test negative for FIV but…
In a study of the effectiveness of physical exercise in weight reduction, a group of 12 personsparticipate in a prescribed program of physical exercise for one month showed in Table 6. Usethe 0.01 level of significance to test whether the prescribed program of exercise is effective. weight before(kg) 95 81 76 96 82 87 71 82 77 83 81 65 weight after(kg) 89 77 77 94 80 86 72 82 74 81 78 63
The article “Effects of Diets with Whole Plant-Origin Proteins Added with Different Ratiosof Taurine:Methionine on the Growth, Macrophage Activity and Antioxidant Capacity ofRainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings” (O. Hernandez, L. Hernandez, et al.,Veterinary and Animal Science, 2017:4-9) reports that a sample of 210 juvenile rainbowtrout fed a diet fortified with equal amounts of the amino acids taurine and methionine for aperiod of 70 days had a mean weight gain of 313 percent with a standard deviation of 25, while 210 fish fed with a control diet had a mean weight gain of 233 percent with a standard deviation of 19. Units are percent. Find a 99% confidence interval for the difference in weight gain on the two diets.
A randomly selected sample of 400 students at a university with 15-week semesters was asked whether or not they think the semester should be shortened to 14 weeks (with longer classes). Forty-six percent of the 400 students surveyed answered yes. Is there enough evidence from the data to conclude that the majority of students support this reform? H0__________________ Ha__________________ Test Statistics _______________
Colonoscopy is a medical procedure that is designed to find and remove precancerous lesions in the colon before they become cancerous. The article “Association of Colonoscopy and Death from Colorectal Cancer” (N. Baxter, M. Goldwasser, et al., Annals of Internal Medicine, 2009:1–8) reports that in a sample of 10,292 people diagnosed with colorectal cancer, 7.0% had previously had a colonoscopy, and in a sample of 51,460 people without colorectal cancer, 9.8% had previously had a colonoscopy. Can you conclude that the percentage of people who have had colonoscopies is greater in those without colorectal cancer?
Suppose that in a study of 35 million HPV shots examined, the shots were followed in time by 14,000 serious ailments and 32 confirmed deaths. However, suppose in examining a randomly selected control group of 35 million non-vaccinated people of the same age at a particular time A, 0.0413% developed a serious ailment soon after time A, and 0.000089% died soon after time A. What does the comparison of two groups tell us? What are the percentages in the vaccinated group (serious ailments and confirmed deaths), and how to they compare to the nonvaccinated group? Hint: compute the percentages for serious ailments (14,000/35,000,000) and confirmed deaths (32/35,000,000) for the vaccinated group. Compare with the control group. Notice % above. (0,0413% and 0.000089%) Answer here. What can we conclude with high probability, if this comparison between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups was done many times with the same basic results? Answer here. Can we absolutely rule out that the…
A study published by Babcock and Marks (2010) showed that the average full-time U.S. college student studied for μ = 14 hours per week (SD = 4.8 hours per week) in 2005. We want to know if this average has changed in the past 15 years. In other words, we are going to do a study in which we try to determine whether there has been an impact of the passage of time on the amount of time college students spend studying. We selected a sample of n = 64 of today’s college students and find that they spent an average of M = 12.5 hours per week studying. Does this sample indicate a significant change in the number of hours spent studying? Use a two-tailed test (this means non-directional hypothesis) with α = .05.
A student researcher was surprised to learn that the 2017 NCAA Student-Athlete Substance Use Survey supported that college athletes make healthier decisions in many areas than their peers in the general student body. He collected data of his own, focusing exclusively on male student-athletes to see if such habits vary based on one’s sport. He asked 93 male student-athletes whether they had engaged in binge-drinking in the last month (> 5 drinks in a single sitting). A student researcher was surprised to learn that the 2017 NCAA Student-Athlete Substance Use Survey supported that college athletes make healthier decisions in many areas than their peers in the general student body. He collected data of his own, focusing exclusively on male student-athletes to see if such habits vary based on one’s sport. He asked 93 male student-athletes whether they had engaged in binge-drinking in the last month (> 5 drinks in a single sitting). Data are provided in the table below.…
Eighteen percent of U.S.-based multinational companies provide an allowance for personal long-distance calls for executives living overseas, according to the Institute for International Human Resources and the National Foreign Trade Council. Suppose a researcher thinks that U.S.-based multinational companies are having a more difficult time recruiting executives to live overseas and that an increasing number of these companies are providing an allowance for personal long-distance calls to these executives to ease the burden of living away from home. To test this hypothesis, a new study is conducted by contacting 376 multinational companies. Twenty-two percent of these surveyed companies are providing an allowance for personal long-distance calls to executives living overseas. Does the test show enough evidence to declare that a significantly higher proportion of multinational companies provide a long-distance call allowance? Let α = .01.

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