17. "Scale economy" is, when in the long term: а. Production increases faster than before. The average total cost is low. Total costs fall. d. Variable costs b. С.
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- 3. What name is given to expenditures that must be made before production starts and that do not change regardless of the level of production? A. Marginal costs B. Diseconomies of scale C. Variable costs D. Fixed costs IWhat shape of a long-run average cost curve illustrates economies of scale, constant returns to scale, and diseconomies of scale?What is the difference between economies of scale, constant returns to scale, and diseconomies of scale?
- (a) What do we mean by "returns to scale"? (b) In this context, list and explain the three different types of returns to scale that a firm could experience in production.The per-unit cost of an item is its average total cost (= total cost/quantity). Suppose that a new cell phone application costs $200,000 to develop and only $0.50 per unit to deliver to each cell phone customer. a. What will be the per-unit cost of the application if it sells 100 units? b. What will be the per-unit cost of the application if it sells 1,000 units? c. What will be the per-unit cost of the application if it sells 1 million units?Microeconomic Question (c) Use well labelled diagrams to show how production isoquant can be used to explain: i) Increasing returns to scale. ii) Constant returns to scale, and iii) Decreasing returns to scale
- Average fixed cost, average total cost a -Why does average fixed cost continuously fall as output increases? b. And why does total average cost first fall at initial level of production as produc increases, and then it increases as production increases.The per-unit cist of an item is its average total cost=(=total cost/quantity). Suppose that a new cell phone application costs $100,000 to develop and only $0.70 per unit to deliver to each cell phone customer. What will be the per-unit coat of the application if it sells 100 units? What will be the per-unit coat of the application if it sells 1,000 units? What will be the per-unit cost of the application if it sells 1 million units?a. Define economies of scale and explain why they might arise. Definediseconomies of scale and explain why they might arise. b. Explain the relationship between total product, marginal product, and averageproduct.c. How does fixed cost affect marginal cost? Why is this relationship important?
- Q)Distinguish between explicit and implicit costs, giving examples of each. (a) What are the explicit and implicit costs, say for example for joining university study? (b) Why does the economist classify normal profits as a cost? (c) Are economic profits a cost of production?Both short-run and long-run average cost curves are likely to have a negative slope up toa given level of output/scale. What are the reasons behind such negative relationshipbetween average costs and output in the short and the long-run?a. What is true about output levels 350, 700, 1,050, 1,400, and 1,750?Choices below. (Economic capacity ,Maximum cost, Economies of Scale b. What is the right size of a plant to produce an output of 875? (Plant1,Plant 2, Palnt 3, Plant 4, Plant 5) c. Between what plant sizes does the firm experience economies of scale? (Between plant1 and 3 ,Between plant 3 and 4, Between plant 3 and 5)