2) Two firms, X and Y, are planning to market their new products. Each firm can develop either TV or Laptop. Market research indicates that the resulting profits to each firm for the alternative strategies are given by the following payoff matrix: FIRM X TV LAPTOP TV FIRM Y 30, 30 40,70 LAPTOP 60, 35 20, 20 A) If both firms make their decisions at the same time and follow maximin (low-risk) strategies, what will the outcome be? B) Suppose both firms try to maximize profits, but Firm X has a head start in planning, and can commit first. Now what will the outcome be? What will the outcome be if Firm Y has a head start in planning and can commit first? C) What is the cooperative outcome?
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- Two friends, Khalid and Mahmood, are going to a watch a world cup football match. They play a simple game in which they hold out one or two fingers to decide who will pay for the other's ticket. Khalid wins if the fingers held out add up to an even number; Mahmood wins if the fingers held out add up to an odd number. The price of the ticket is 25 OMR. Construct a payoff matrix for the game. Is there a unique Nash equilibrium in this game? Which strategy should a player use to maximize her chances of winning the game?14. Company A and Company B are each telecommunications manufacturers. Both companies manufacture the same products, and they make their decisions based on the other's actions. Both companies are considering opening retail outlets to increase their profits. The payoff matrix shows the profits of the companies in millions of dollars if they choose to open retail outlets. The government imposes a new $5 million tax to open retail outlets. What is the expected outcome of the new payoff matrix, given the tax? The Nash equilibrium is for Company A to not open retail outlets and for Company B to open retail outlets. The Nash equilibrium is for Company A to open retail outlets and for Company B to not open retail outlets. The Nash equilibrium is for both Company A and Company B to open retail outlets. The Nash equilibrium is for both Company A and Company B to not open retail outlets. There is no Nash equilibrium after the change given in the scenario.…w= 7 To which strategy t2 is the strategy t1 = 4 a best response? (If your answer is afraction, report it in lowest terms.)
- 1) What are the Nash equilibria? Which one is unreasonable/non-credible threat? 2) What are the subgame perfect Nash equilibria? Does SPNE concept eliminate the unreasonable Nash equilibrium?4). The following is a payoff matrix showing profit in millions of dollars when two companies simultaneously decide on various advertising budgets ($1 million, $2 million, or $3 million): a. In the first round of strategy elimination (when all three possible budgets are under consideration), which ad budget would the companies exclude? b. After the first round of elimination (previous question), would either company make a second-round elimination? c. What would be the likely outcome of this simultaneous advertising decision (i.e. what ad budget would each company end up choosing)?5. The following problem was first considered by John von Neumann and is a fundamentalresult game theory.A and B play the following game:A writes down either number 1 or number 2, and B must guess which one.If the number that A has written down is i and B has guessed correctly, B receives i units from A.If B makes a wrong guess, B pays 4/5 of a unit to A.First we consider the expected gain of player B.Suppose B guesses 1 with probability p and 2 with probability 1 −p.Let X1 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 1.Let X2 denote B’s gain (or loss) in a game where A has written down 2.(a) Find the pmf of X1 and X2(b) Find B’s expected gain for these two cases, E[X1] and E[X2].(c) What value of p maximizes the minimum possible value of B’s expected gain?Now consider the expected loss of player ASuppose that A writes down 1 with probability q and 2 with probability 1 −q.Let Y1 be A’s loss (or gain) if B chooses number 1.Let Y2 be A’s loss (or gain) if B…
- Risk-neutral Icarus Airlines must commit now to leasing 1, 2, or 3 new airplanes. It knows with certainty that on the basis of business travel alone, it will need at least 1 airplane. The marketing division says that there is a 50% chance that tourism will be big enough for a second plane only. Otherwise, tourism will be big enough for a third plane. This, plus revenue information, yields the following table: Planes Tourism Revenue Expected Leased Light Heavy Profit 2 $90 million $60 million $75 million 3 $10 million $110 million $60 million Without additional information, Icarus Airlines would Select one: A. lease 2 airplanes in order to guarantee it avoids the worst outcome, $10 million B. lease 3 airplanes because $110 million is greater than $90 million C. lease 2 airplanes because $75 million is greater than $60 million. D. lease 3 airplanes because $60 million is greater than $10 million.1. Consider the pricing game between firm 1 (row) and firm 2 (column) belowwhere each number represents the profits made by each firm.:Table 1: Pricing gameLow HighLow 288,288 360,216High 216,360 324,324 a) Point out the Nash equilibrium. Is this a unique Nash equilibrium?c) What type of commitment can firm 1 make to improve its pay-off?Can it be classified as a threat or promise? (Assume that the commitmentis credible.)d) How would you represent the game as a game tree with the option tocommit?2. Consider the signalling / production game with the order of play given below.Assuming that the signal is informative (i.e. education is sufficiently costly),how would you change the order of the game to make sure that poolingequilibriums are ruled out? Verbally motivate your answer.• Nature chooses ability of the workers a ∈ (H, L), ability is observed byworkers but not employers.• The worker choose an education level s ∈ (0, 1).• The employer offer contracts w(s).• The worker accepts or…i am not sure how to ask anther question after the expert answered one of mine but here is a question i asked the expert and the naswer he game me in picture 1 & 2. the questions insnt linked from other sites its from bartleby just coudlnt see option to ask anther. can you answer this part now: Now assume the financial advisor knows that another advisor will offer a competitive portfolio. Based on historical data, he knows this competitive portfolio’s total return follows a normal distribution with mean £36mil and standard deviation of £2mil and is priced at 5% of total return. Clients will naturally choose the advisor which offers the portfolio with the highest net How does the distribution of profit over the range of financial prices considered in part B) changes, when the competitor is considered?
- 1 True or False : Every finite extensive - form game of imperfect information admits at least one pure - strategy Nash equilibrium . Justify if true or give a counter - example if notThe following is a payoff matrix showing profit in millions of dollars when two companies simultaneously decide on various advertising budgets ($1 million, $2 million, or $3 million): Pizza Hut $1 mill $2 mill $3 mill $1 mill $120 / $175 110 / 160 100 / 170 Papa Johns $2 mill 130 / 150 115 / 145 110 / 155 $3 mill 140 / 125 120 / 120 105 / 130 a. In the first round of strategy elimination (when all three possible budgets are under consideration), which ad budget would the companies exclude? b. After the first round of elimination (previous question), would either company make a second-round elimination? c. What would be the likely outcome of this simultaneous advertising decision (i.e. what ad budget would each company end up choosing)?For questions 32 - 35 consider the following "research and development" game. Firms A and B are contemplating whether or not to invest in R8D. Each has two options: "Invest" and "Abstain." A firm that invests will invent product X with a probability of 0.5, whereas a firm that abstains is incapable of invention. Investment costs $6. If a firm doesn't invent X. it makes 50 in revenue. If a firm invests and is the only one to invent X. it becomes a monopolist and generates $20 in revenue. If both firms invent X, each firm becomes a duopolist, and generates $8 in revenue. Revenues are gross figures (i.e. they are not net of investment costs), and there are no costs besides investments costs (i.e. no variable cost of production etc.). The firms are risk-neutral entities, and are uninformed of each other's investment decisions. Find the Nash Equilibrium (or Equilibria) of the "research and development" game. A. There are no Nash Equilibria B. Invest/Invest C. Invest/Abstain, and…