2. Functional mitochondria can be isolated from cells. These isolated mitochondria are used to study oxidative phosphorylation and the import of proteins into the matrix. In an appropriate buffer, isolated mitochondria will rupture to generate “mitoplasts" in which the inner membrane remains intact but the outer membrane is lost. Would you expect mitoplasts to support oxidative phosphorylation? Would you expect mitoplasts to support import into the matrix? Explain.

2. Functional mitochondria can be isolated from cells. These isolated mitochondria are used to study oxidative phosphorylation and the import of proteins into the matrix. In an appropriate buffer, isolated mitochondria will rupture to generate “mitoplasts" in which the inner membrane remains intact but the outer membrane is lost. Would you expect mitoplasts to support oxidative phosphorylation? Would you expect mitoplasts to support import into the matrix? Explain.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK

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As you learned in this chapter, cell membranes arc required for electron transfer phosphorylation. Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts serve this purpose in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cells do not have this organelle, but many are photosynthesizers. How do you think they carry out the light-dependent reactions, given that they have no chloroplasts?
7. Why are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration? a) They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated. b) They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion. c) NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell. d) The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell. e) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane.
1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false and state why you say so. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.
1. Label each statement about electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation as true or false. a. The electron transport chain involves four enzyme complexes found in mitochondria. b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in the electron transport chain. c. HCN is a poison that binds to the ATP synthase enzyme, thus inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. d. During electron transport, H+ is pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix.
1. The energy required for ______________ reactions comes from _______________ reactions. a) anabolic; catabolic b) catabolic; anabolic c) anabolic; anabolic d) catabolic; catabolic 2. Which is not a phase of mitosis? a) Prophase b) Interphase c) Metaphase d) Anaphase e) Telophase 3. Endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus are all examples of a) cells b) organelles c) cytosol d) mitosis
5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?
1/How can an inhibitor affect enzyme activity in a cell? 2/Outline glycolysis in terms of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. 3/ Cells can be broken and then centrifuged to separate organelles, such as mitochondria. If isolated mitchondria were then broken and centrifuged, the membranes would separate from the matrix. Knowing this, develop a hypothesis about the properties of either the matrix or the membranes. Clearly identify what you intend to discover and briefly outline how you would test your hypothesis.
1) How is fatty acid broken down for ATP production? 2) How can an amino acid be broken down for ATP production? 3) What parts of the cell would you find glycolysis, kreb’s cycle, and electron transport chain?
1.) [Cellular Respiration] Among the glycolysis products, which will most likely to make a high net production of ATP? a.) CO2 b.)NADH c.)H2O d.)ATP Synthase 2.) [Photosynthesis] What similar feature of both mitochondria and chloroplasts is known to help in their role in photosynthesis and respiration? a.) increased organelle volume b.) Decreased organelle volume c.) Increased membrane thickness d.) Increase membrane protein content
1. What would be the effect on ATP production during chemiosmosis and oxidative phorphorylation, if the pH within the inner membrane space of the mitochondrion were decreased, assuming no effect of pH on the structure of proteins in the membrane? 2. What would be the effect on production of ATP from photosynthesis, assuming no effect on enzyme/protein stability, if the pH of the chloroplast stroma were lowered?
9 .The energy of electron transport (by the ETC) serves to move protons (hydrogen ions, or H+) to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? a) This movement of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion. b) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane c) The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that were accepted in glycolysis ad the citric acid cycle d) The protons are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reaction
Which of the following is the major source of electrons that flow through the mitochondrial electron transport chain? (a) H2O (b) ATP (c) NADH (d) ATP synthase (e) coenzyme A