2. Initially Home economy was in the long-run equilibrium with PH 50CH. Then, Home central bank permanently changed the nominal money supply. Because of the change, the price would be 40cH in the long- run. 2.a. Consider its short-run effect of the permanent change. Answer how Home real money supply would change: Decrease, Increase or No change, and how the equilibrium exchange rate would change: Decrease, Increase or No change. Real money supply: Exchange rate:
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- If a countrys currency is expected to appreciate in value, what would you think will be the impact of expected exchange rates on yields (e.g., the Interest rate paid on government bonds) in that country? Hint: Think about how expected exchange rate changes and interest rates affect a currencys demand and supply.2. Inflation in Brazil is 5% and in the US it is 2%. The GDP growth rate is 2% in both countries. The exchange rate is 7 Brazilian real (BRL) per USD. Use Brazil as the domestic country.a. If PPP is true, what will the BRL/USD exchange rate be next year?b. If PPP is true, what will happen to the real exchange rate? Explain with an equation.c. If the quantity theory of money is correct, how fast is the money supply growing in Brazil and the US?Part 4 5 6 Answer all questions from this section. For each question, identify the statement as True,False, or Uncertain, and explain your reasoning A.1 Following the announcement that the amount of QE intervention by the central bankwill be reduced going forward (also known as Quantitative Tightening), according to theUIP condition, an immediate appreciation of home’s nominal exchange rate would beobserved. A.2 The difference between the slopes of the IS and RX curves depends only on the sensitivityof net exports to the real exchange rate. A.3 Consider a temporary positive inflation shock in a flexible exchange rate regime (with aninflation targeting central bank) and in a fixed exchange rate regime (where there is nopolicy intervention). Assume that both economies converge to a medium run equilibrium.Following the shock, inflation converges to its equilibrium value from above in both cases.A.4 The central bank of a common currency area should not respond to a shock specific toone…
- European Central Bank will keep its aggressive monetary stimulus that is, expansionary monetary policy in place, where as US will not continue to do so. "With the help of an equation", explain the effect of this on the long run depreciation of the US dollarImagine that you run the central bank in a large open economy.Your goal is to stabilizeincome, and you adjust the money supply accordingly. Under your policy, what happens tothe money supply, the interest rate, the exchange rate, and the trade balance in response toeach of the following shocks?a. The president raises taxes to reduce the budget deficit.b. The president restricts the import of Japanese cars.A. Explain how nominal exchange rate affects real exchange rate.B. Suppose that a chocolate bar costs 20 euros in France and 30 Singaporean dollars inSingapore. If the exchange rate is 1.20 euros per Singaporean dollars, What is the realexchange rate?2. Suppose the economy is in recession. Policymakers estimate that aggregate demand is$100 billion short of the amount necessary to generate the long run natural rate of output.That is, if aggregate demand were shifted to the right by $100 billion, the economy wouldbe in long run equilibrium.a. Explain the impact on the economy if the government chooses to use fiscal policy tostabilize the economy and the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is given as0.75 with no crowding out.b. If there is a crowding out effect and investment is very sensitive to changes in theinterest rate, should the government increase spending more or less than this amount?3. Suppose, OPEC decides to cut down oil production, causing oil price to go up.a. Explain…
- suppose that the federal reserve conducts an open market sale. Everything else, including the public's expectation on inflation, held constant, this will cause the demand for U.S. assets to _______ and the U.S. dollar will _________. Decrease; appreciate increase; appreciate decrease; depreciate increase; depreciate1. Under what circumstances will a domestic fiscal policy expansion be successful in increasing GDP if a fixed exchange rate is maintained? When will it be unsuccessful? Illustrate with the IS/LM/BP graph. 2. What is the effect on Country A’s macro economy of the adoption of an expansionary monetary policy by the rest of the world in a world of fixed exchange rates?Consider the following: C = 400 + 0.5·(Y – T) I = 80 + 0.1·Y – 1000·(i – πe + x)NX = 0.01·Y*– 0.1·Y – 4·(E – 100) G = 600 T = 480 Y* = 20,000 The central bank anchored inflation expectations at target inflation rate of π̅= 0.02. Household borrowing rates and businesses include a 4% risk premium over policy rate (i) so: x - 0.04. The central bank has set policy rate equal to 2% (, ī = 0.02). The Exchange rate (E) is 100. Expected future exchange rate is also 100. a) Find short-run equilibrium level of output (Y) and trade balance (NX). Is there a trade deficit or surplus? b) Assume the governent cuts tax level to ?′ = 400. What is the new short run equilibrium level of output (?′) and trade balance (NX'). Is this economy suffering from twin deficits (trade and budget). What policy change could help?c) what is the value of the fiscal multiplier fromt he tax cut? if it were a closed economy would it be greater or smaller? d) What effects will the tax cuts have on investments and on the…
- In November, the UK central bank voted to leave its policy (bank) rate uncahged at a historic low of 0.1% which surprised investors who expceted an increase. The British Pound fell sharply against the US Dollar (more than 1%) and the Euro (more than 0.5%). The yield on 2 year gilts fell by 21 basis points.a) Why did the pound depreciate when the English Central Bank surprised the market by not hiking its policy rates as expected b) why did the yield cureve steppen after the Bank's decision not to raise rates? Are markets optimistic or pessimistic about the economy's future?Consider the following: C = 400 + 0.5·(Y – T) I = 80 + 0.1·Y – 1000·(i – πe + x)NX = 0.01·Y*– 0.1·Y – 4·(E – 100) G = 600 T = 480 Y* = 20,000 The central bank anchored inflation expectations at target inflation rate of π̅= 0.02. Household borrowing rates and businesses include a 4% risk premium over policy rate (i) so: x - 0.04. The central bank has set policy rate equal to 2% (, ī = 0.02). The Exchange rate (E) is 100. Expected future exchange rate is also 100. Then assume the governent cuts tax level from T=480 to T′ = 400: a) Find the short run equilibrium level of output and trade balance? a) If the economy was at potential before, what effects will the tax cut form 480 to 400 have on investments and on trade balance in the medium run?Economics n the exchange rate model with short-run price stickiness, the nominal interest rate decreases immediately if there is a permanent increase in money supply. However, the model of monetary approach to the exchange rate suggests that the interest rate rises when there is a permanent increase in the growth rate of money supply. Explain how the different assumptions in these two models lead to contrasting predictions about the response of interest rates to the money supply. Show the relevant long-run time paths of the interest rate, price level and nominal exchange rate in