2. The presence of opposable thumbs in humans and other apes means that we share a common ancestor ; this character shows homology. 3. When a derived character is shared by members of the clade, the process is called a symplesiomorphy. 4. Sexually and asexually reproducing organisms which includes polyphyletic groups is known as the phylogenetic species concept.

2. The presence of opposable thumbs in humans and other apes means that we share a common ancestor ; this character shows homology. 3. When a derived character is shared by members of the clade, the process is called a symplesiomorphy. 4. Sexually and asexually reproducing organisms which includes polyphyletic groups is known as the phylogenetic species concept.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter24: Systematics And Phylogenetics: Revealing The Tree Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYK

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7) Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Select all the statements that are supported by this tree. A) Gray whales are the common ancestor of the Blue and Humpback whales. B) Blue and humpback whales diverged more recently than either did from the gray whale. C) The Bryde's whale shares a more recent common ancestor with the Sei whale than with the Fin whale. D) The blue and the Bryde's whale have more traits in common with each other than with any other two species, E) Southern minke whales and Northern minke whales have more traits in common with each other than with any other species. Not Graded
The Hominoidea is a monophyletic group that includes: a. apes and monkeys. b. apes only. c. humans and human ancestors. d. apes and humans. e. monkeys, apes, and humans.
Which of the following does not help systematists determine whether a morphological character state is ancestral or derived? a. outgroup comparison b. patterns of embryonic development c. studies of the fossil record d. studies of the character in more related species e. dating of the character by molecular clocks
Match the terms with the most suitable description. ______ phylogeny a. similar across many taxa ______ cladogram b. evolutionary history ______ master regulators c. human arm and bird wing ______ convergent evolution d. present in a group but not in its ancestors ______ derived character e. based on neutral mutations ______ molecular clock f. insect wing and bird wing ______ analogous structures g. diagram of .sets within sets ______ divergent evolution h. different lineages evolve in a similar way ______ homologous structures i. closely related lineages evolve in different ways
When systematists study morphological or behavioral traits to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a group of animals, they assume that: a. similarities and differences in phenotypic characters reflectunderlying genetic similarities and differences. b. the animals use exactly the same traits to identify appropriatemates. c. differences in these traits caused speciation in the past. d. the adaptive value of these traits can be explained. e. variations in these traits are produced by environmentaleffects during development.
In a cladogram, each node represents a(n) _______ . a. single lineage b. extinction c. common ancestor d. adaptive radiation
In a cladistic analysis, a systematist groups together organisms that share: derived homologous traits. derived homoplastic traits. ancestral homologous traits. ancestral homoplastic traits. all of the above.
Adaptive radiations often follow mass extinctions because: a. mass extinctions limit the impact of paedomorphosis. b. mass extinctions foster allometry and heterochrony. c. mass extinctions decimate all forms of life on Earth. d. species that form transitional fossils often survive mass extinctions. e. extinctions open adaptive zones that had been previously occupied.
To construct a phylogenetic tree by applying the principles of parsimony to molecular sequence data, one would: a. start by making assumptions about variations in the rates atwhich different DNA segments evolve. b. group together organisms that share the largest number ofancestral sequences. c. group together organisms that share derived sequences, matching the groups to those defined by morphologicalcharacters. d. group together organisms that share derived sequences, minimizing the number of hypothesized evolutionarychanges. e. identify derived sequences by studying the embryology of theorganisms.
1. How does anatomical fossil evidence helps scientists connect lines of evidence for evolutionary relationships between species? Example and explanation 2 How does anatomical evidence provide clues about the ecological role a species plays in its environment? Example and explanation
1.What is the scientific name of the beluga whale? 2.Write the common name of another species that is in the same CLASS as the beluga whale. 3.Bees and bats both fly, and their wings would be considered: A.Analogous Traits B.Homologous Traits
26. Biologists studying living primates in recent years, such as Geladas and Baboons, have noticed that some of these species may still be able to successful reproduce viable and healthy offspring despite great morphological differences. As well as geographics isolation between these species of hundreds of thousands or several million years. These species known as ___ may pose a problem for identifying different species in the fossil record. a. Chronospecies b. Founder species c. Species isolates d. Syngameons