2. What is vapor pressure? Explain this by discussing the effects or application of vapor pressure in a certain biogeochemical-physical system. A: 3. Relate the heat of vaporization and the amphoteric nature of water to its intermolecular forces of attraction. Provide an example in which these properties are important. A: 4. Why do crystalline solids exhibit different crystal habit or lattice system. Relate this to intermolecular forces of attraction in solids. A:

2. What is vapor pressure? Explain this by discussing the effects or application of vapor pressure in a certain biogeochemical-physical system. A: 3. Relate the heat of vaporization and the amphoteric nature of water to its intermolecular forces of attraction. Provide an example in which these properties are important. A: 4. Why do crystalline solids exhibit different crystal habit or lattice system. Relate this to intermolecular forces of attraction in solids. A:

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter8: Molecules And Materials

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8.87PAE: 8.87 Use the vapor pressure curves illustrated here to answer the questions that follow. (a) What is...

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Equilibrium vapor pressures of benzene, C6H6, at various temperatures are given in the table. (a) What is the normal boiling point of benzene? (b) Plot these data so that you have a graph resembling the one in Figure 11.12. At what temperature does the liquid have an equilibrium vapor pressure of 250 mm Hg? At what temperature is the vapor pressure 650 mm Hg? (c) Calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization for benzene using the ClausiusClapeyron equation.
Dry ice, CO2(s) , does not melt at atmospheric pressure. It sublimes at a temperature of 78 °C. What is the lowest pressure at which CO2(s) will melt to give CO2(l) ? At approximately what temperature will this occur? (See Figure 10.34 for the phase diagram.)
8.87 Use the vapor pressure curves illustrated here to answer the questions that follow. (a) What is the vapor pressure of ethanol (C2H5OH) at 60°C? (b) Considering only carbon disulfide (CS2) and ethanol, which has the stranger intermolecular forces in the liquid state? (c) At what temperature does heptane (C7H16) have a vapor pressure of 500 mm Hg? (d) What are the approximate normal boiling pains of each of the three substances? (e) At a pressure of 400 mm Hg and a temperature of 70°C, is each substance a liquid, a gas, or a mixture of liquid and gas?
The following data are the equilibrium vapor pressure of limonene, C10H16, at various temperatures. (Limonene is used as a scent in commercial products.) (a) Plot these data as ln P versus 1/T so that you have a graph resembling the one in Figure 11.13. (b) At what temperature does the liquid have an equilibrium vapor pressure of 250 mm Hg? At what temperature is it 650 mm Hg? (c) What is the normal boiling point of limonene? (d) Calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization for limonene using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Why are steam burns so much worse than water burns even if the H2O is at the same temperature for both phases? Hint: Consider the heat of vaporization of water.
8.45 Describe how interactions between molecules affect the vapor pressure of a liquid.
Referring to Figure 9.7, state what phase(s) is (are) present at (a) 1 atm, 10C. (b) 3 mm Hg, 20C. (c) 1000 mm Hg, 75C.
8.48 Why must the vapor pressure of a substance be measured only after dynamic equilibrium is established?
The phase diagram for water over a relative narrow pressure and temperature range is given in Figure 9.19. A phase diagram over a considerably wider range of temperature and pressure (kbar) is given nearby. This phase diagram illustrates the polymorphism of ice, the existence of a solid in more than one form. In this case, Roman numerals are used to designate each polymorphic form. For example, Ice I, ordinary ice, is the form that exists under ordinary pressures. The other forms exist only at higher pressures, in some cases extremely high pressure such as Ice VII and Ice VIII. Using the phase diagram, give the approximate P and T conditions at the triple point for Ice III, Ice V, and liquid water. Determine the approximate temperature and pressure for the triple point for Ices VI, VII, and VIII. What is anomalously different about the fusion curves for Ice VI and Ice VII compared to that of Ice I? What phases exist at 8 kbar and 20 °C? At a constant temperature of −10 °C, start at 3 kbar and increase the pressure to 7 kbar. Identify all the phase changes that occur sequentially as these conditions change. Explain why there is no triple point for the combination of Ice VII, Ice VIII, and liquid water.