20. What will happen to the equilibrium when more SO2 (g) is added to the following system? 2502(g) + O2(g) = 250(g)A. It will shift to the right.B. It will shift to the leftC. no shift of equilibriumD. cannot be determined21. For the reaction 2A+B2C the appropriate form for the equilibrium constant expression is:A. [A][B12/ [C]B. [AB]/[C12C. [C]2/[A][B]D. [ABRIC]22. Calculate K for the following reaction given the following equilibrium concentrations of H2, CO, and H₂O.PCl3(g) + Cl₂(g)K=?Equilibrium Concentrations (M):PCIs(g).200.040.080A. 0.16B.0.016C.1.6D.1623. Which of the following is not omitted when writing the equilibrium constant expression?D. all of the choicesA. gasC. solidB. liquid24. When can we say that the reaction is already at equilibrium?A. When Q is not equal to K.C. When Q is greater than K.D. When Q is lesser than K.B. When Q is equal to K.25. Where will the equilibrium shift when we increase the pressure of the system?B. towards more moles of gasC. no shiftA. towards fewer moles of gasD. all directions

Le Châtelier’s principle explained the fact that whenever some changes are made in equilibrium…

20. What will happen to the equilibrium when more SO2 (g) is added to the following system? 2502(g) + O2(g) = 2803(g) A. It will shift to the right. B. It will shift to the left C. no shift of equilibrium D. cannot be determined 21. For the reaction 2A +B2C the appropriate form for the equilibrium constant expression is: A. [A][B12/(C) B. [A][B]/[C2 C. [C²/ [A][B] D. [A][BC] 22. Calculate K for the following reaction given the following equilibrium concentrations of H2, CO, and H₂O. K=? PCIs(g) → PCk3(g) + Cl₂(g) .200 .040 .080 Equilibrium Concentrations (M): A. 0.16 D.16 B.0.016 C.1.6

20. What will happen to the equilibrium when more SO2 (g) is added to the following system? 2502(g) + O2(g) = 2803(g) A. It will shift to the right. B. It will shift to the left C. no shift of equilibrium D. cannot be determined 21. For the reaction 2A +B2C the appropriate form for the equilibrium constant expression is: A. [A][B12/(C) B. [A][B]/[C2 C. [C²/ [A][B] D. [A][BC] 22. Calculate K for the following reaction given the following equilibrium concentrations of H2, CO, and H₂O. K=? PCIs(g) → PCk3(g) + Cl₂(g) .200 .040 .080 Equilibrium Concentrations (M): A. 0.16 D.16 B.0.016 C.1.6

Chemistry for Engineering Students

4th Edition

ISBN:9781337398909

Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Publisher:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme

Chapter12: Chemical Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12.41PAE: Because calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go...

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Hydrogen and carbon dioxide react at a high temperature to give water and carbon monoxide. H2(g) + CO2(g) H2O(g) + CO(g) (a) Laboratory measurements at 986 C show that there are 0.11 mol each of CO and H2O vapor and 0.087 mol each of H2 and CO2 at equilibrium in a 50.0-L container. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 986 C. (b) Suppose 0.010 mol each of H2 and CO2 are placed in a 200.0-L container. When equilibrium is achieved at 986 C, what amounts of CO(g) and H2O(g), in moles, would be present? [Use the value of Kc from part (a).]
1’he reaction in Exercise 12.33 was repeated. This time, the reaction began when only NO was injected into the reaction container. 110.200 mol L_l NO was injected, what were the equilibrium concentrations of all species? The following reaction establishes equilibrium at 2000 K: N2(g) + O2(g) ^2 NO K = 4.1 X 10~4 If the reaction began with 0.100 mol L-1 of N2 and 0.100 mol L"' ofO2, what were the equilibrium concentrations of all species?
What is Le Chteliers principle? Consider the reaction 2NOCI(g)2NO(g)+Cl2(g) If this reaction is at equilibrium. what happens when the following changes occur? a. NOCI(g) is added. b. NO(g) is added. c. NOCI(g) is removed. d. Cl2(g) is removed. e. The container volume is decreased. For each of these changes, what happens to the value of K for the reaction as equilibrium is reached again? Give an example of a reaction for which the addition or removal of one of the reactants or products has no effect on the equilibrium position. In general, how will the equilibrium position of a gas-phase reaction be affected if the volume of the reaction vessel changes? Are there reactions that will not have their equilibria shifted by a change in volume? Explain. Why does changing the pressure in a rigid container by adding an inert gas not shift the equilibrium position for a gas-phase reaction?
Again the experiment in Exercise 12.33 was redesigned. This time, 0.15 mol each of N, and O2 was injected into a 5.0-L container at 2500 K, at which the equilibrium constant is 3.6 X 10-?. What was the composition of the reaction mixture at equilibrium? l'he following reaction establishes equilibrium at 2000 K: N2(g) + O2(g) *2 2 NO K = 4.1 X IO-4 If the reaction began with 0.100 mol L-1 of N2 and 0.100 mol L-’ ofO2, what were the equilibrium concentrations of all species?
Consider the system 4 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 N2(g) + 6 H20(ℓ) ΔrH° = −1530.4 kJ/mol How will the amount of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by removing O2(g) without changing the total gas volume? adding N2(g) without changing the total gas volume? adding water without changing the total gas volume? expanding the container? increasing the temperature? Which of these changes (i to v) increases the value of K? Which decreases it?
The experiment in Exercise 12.33 was redesigned so that the reaction started with 0.15 mol each of N2 and O2 being injected into a 1.0-L container at 2500 K. The equilibrium constant at 2500 K is 3.6 X 10“’. What was the composition of the reaction mixture after equilibrium was attained? The following reaction establishes equilibrium at 2000 K: N2(g) + O2(g) *2 2 NO K = 4.1 X IO-4 If the reaction began with 0.100 mol L-1 of N2 and 0.100 mol L-’ ofO2, what were the equilibrium concentrations of all species?
At room temperature, the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction 2 NO(g) ⇌ N2(g) + O2(g) is 1.4 × 1030. Is this reaction product-favored or reactant-favored? Explain your answer. In the atmosphere at room temperature the concentration of N2 is 0.33 mol/L, and the concentration of O2 is about 25% of that value. Calculate the equilibrium concentration of NO in the atmosphere produced by the reaction of N2 and O2. How does this affect your answer to Question 11?
In the reaction in Exercise 12.33, another trial was carried out. The reaction began with an initial concentration of N2 equal to the initial concentration of NO. Each had a concentration of 0.100 mol L-1. WTat were the equilibrium concentrations of all species? The following reaction establishes equilibrium at 2000 K: N2(g) + O2(g) ^2 NO K = 4.1 X 10~4 If the reaction began with 0.100 mol L-1 of N2 and 0.100 mol L'1 ofO2, what were the equilibrium concentrations of all species?
Because calcium carbonate is a sink for CO32- in a lake, the student in Exercise 12.39 decides to go a step further and examine the equilibrium between carbonate ion and CaCOj. The reaction is Ca2+(aq) + COj2_(aq) ** CaCO,(s) The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 2.1 X 10*. If the initial calcium ion concentration is 0.02 AI and the carbonate concentration is 0.03 AI, what are the equilibrium concentrations of the ions? A student is simulating the carbonic acid—hydrogen carbonate equilibrium in a lake: H2COj(aq) H+(aq) + HCO}‘(aq) K = 4.4 X 10"7 She starts with 0.1000 AI carbonic acid. What are the concentrations of all species at equilibrium?
The equilibrium constant (Kc) for this reaction is 5.0 at a given temperature. CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g) (a) On analysis, an equilibrium mixture of the substances present at the given temperature was found to contain 0.20 mol of CO, 0.30 mol of water vapor, and 0.90 mol of H2 in a liter. How many moles of CO2 were there in the equilibrium mixture? (b) Maintaining the same temperature, additional H2 was added to the system, and some water vapor was removed by drying. A new equilibrium mixture was thereby established containing 0.40 mol of CO, 0.30 mol of water vapor, and 1.2 mol of H2 in a liter. How many moles of CO2 were in the new equilibrium mixture? Compare this with the quantity in part (a), and discuss whether the second value is reasonable. Explain how it is possible for the water vapor concentration to be the same in the two equilibrium solutions even though some vapor was removed before the second equilibrium was established.
Consider the same reaction as in Question 11. In one experiment 1.0 mole of H2O(g) and 1.0 mole of CO(g) are put into a flask and heated to 350C. In a second experiment 1.0 mole of H2(g) and 1.0 mole of CO2(g) are put into another flask with the same volume as the first. This mixture is also heated to 350C. After equilibrium is reached, will there be any difference in the composition of the mixtures in the two flasks?
At 2300 K the equilibrium constant for the formation of NO(g) is 1.7 103. N2(g) + O2(g) 2 NO(g) (a) Analysis shows that the concentrations of N2 and O2 are both 0.25 M, and that of NO is 0.0042 M under certain conditions. Is the system at equilibrium? (b) If the system is not at equilibrium, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (c) When the system is at equilibrium, what are the equilibrium concentrations?