24. If a firm uses variable costing, a. its product costs include variable selling and administrative costs. b. its profits with sales. c.it calculates an idle facility variation. d. its product cost per unit changes because of changes in the number of units produced. 25. The inventory costing method that treats direct manufacturing costs and indirect manufacturing costs, both variable and fixed, as inventoriable costs is called a. variable costing b. Absorption costing c. conversion costing d. perpetual inventory 26. Which of the following statements regarding absorption and variable costing is correct? a. Absorption costing results in higher income when finished goods inventory increases. b. Variable manufacturing costs are lower under absorption costing. c. Overhead costs are treated in the same manner under both variable and absorption costing methods. d. Profits are always the same under the two costing methods. 27. Which of the following cost items is not correctly accounted for as a product cost under absorption and variable costing? PRODUCT COST UNDER ABSORPTION. VARIABLE a. Shipping costs No No b. Straight-line depreciation Yes Yes c. Factory supplies Yes Yes d. Direct Materials Yes Yes

24. If a firm uses variable costing, a. its product costs include variable selling and administrative costs. b. its profits with sales. c.it calculates an idle facility variation. d. its product cost per unit changes because of changes in the number of units produced. 25. The inventory costing method that treats direct manufacturing costs and indirect manufacturing costs, both variable and fixed, as inventoriable costs is called a. variable costing b. Absorption costing c. conversion costing d. perpetual inventory 26. Which of the following statements regarding absorption and variable costing is correct? a. Absorption costing results in higher income when finished goods inventory increases. b. Variable manufacturing costs are lower under absorption costing. c. Overhead costs are treated in the same manner under both variable and absorption costing methods. d. Profits are always the same under the two costing methods. 27. Which of the following cost items is not correctly accounted for as a product cost under absorption and variable costing? PRODUCT COST UNDER ABSORPTION. VARIABLE a. Shipping costs No No b. Straight-line depreciation Yes Yes c. Factory supplies Yes Yes d. Direct Materials Yes Yes

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Managerial Accounting

15th Edition

ISBN:9781337912020

Author:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Publisher:Carl Warren, Ph.d. Cma William B. Tayler

Chapter7: Variable Costing For Management analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2BE

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In the variable costing income statement, how are the fixed manufacturing costs reported, and how are the fixed selling and administrative expenses reported?
When the number of units in ending inventory increases through the year, which of the following is true? A. Net income is the same for variable and absorption costing. B. Net income is higher for variable costing than for absorption costing. C. Net income is higher for absorption costing than for variable costing. D. There is no relationship between net Income and the costing method.
The following data were adapted from a recent income statement of The Procter Gamble Company (PG): Assume that the variable amount of each category of operating costs is as follows: a. Based on the data given, prepare a variable costing income statement for Procter Gamble, assuming that the company maintained constant inventory levels during the period. b. If Procter Gamble reduced its inventories during the period, what impact would that have on the operating income determined under absorption costing?
Product costs under variable costing are typically: A. higher than under absorption costing B. lower than under absorption costing C. the same as with absorption costing D. higher than absorption costing when inventory increases
For which cost concept used in applying (he cost-plus, approach to product pricing are fixed manufacturing costs, fixed selling and administrative expenses, and desired profit allowed for in determining the markup? A. Total cost B. Product cost C. Variable cost D. Standard cost
Inventory Valuation under Variable Costing Refer to the data for Judson Company above. Required: 1. How many units are in ending inventory? 2. Using variable costing, calculate the per-unit product cost. 3. What is the value of ending inventory under variable costing? Use the following information for Brief Exercises 3-21 and 3-22: During the most recent year, Judson Company had the following data associated with the product it makes:
Items on variable costing income statement In the following equations, based on the variable costing income statement, identify the items designated by X: a. Net Sales X = Manufacturing Margin b. Manufacturing Margin X = Contribution Margin c. Contribution Margin X = Income from Operations
Break-even for a multiple product firm. can be calculated by dividing total fixed costs by the contribution margin of a composite unit can be calculated by multiplying fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio of a composite unit can only be calculated when the proportion of products sold is the same for all products can be calculated by multiplying fixed costs by the contribution margin ratio of the most common product in the sales mix
Happy Trails has this information for its manufacturing: Â Its income statement under absorption costing is: Prepare an income statement with variable costing and a reconciliation statement between both methods.
Continuous improvement is the governing principle of a lean accounting system. Following are several performance measures. Some of these measures would be associated with a traditional standard-costing accounting system, and some would be associated with a lean accounting system. a. Materials price variances b. Cycle time c. Comparison of actual product costs with target costs d. Materials quantity or efficiency variances e. Comparison of actual product costs over time (trend reports) f. Comparison of actual overhead costs, item by item, with the corresponding budgeted costs g. Comparison of product costs with competitors product costs h. Percentage of on-time deliveries i. First-time through j. Reports of value- and non-value-added costs k. Labor efficiency variances l. Days of inventory m. Downtime n. Manufacturing cycle efficiency (MCE) o. Unused (available) capacity variance p. Labor rate variance q. Using a sister plants best practices as a performance standard Required: 1. Classify each measure as lean or traditional (standard costing). If traditional, discuss the measures limitations for a lean environment. If it is a lean measure, describe how the measure supports the objectives of lean manufacturing. 2. Classify the measures into operational (nonfinancial) and financial categories. Explain why operational measures are better for control at the shop level (production floor) than financial measures. Should any financial measures be used at the operational level? 3. Suggest some additional measures that you would like to see added to the list that would be supportive of lean objectives.
Trail Outfitters has this information for its manufacturing: Its income statement under absorption costing is as follows: Prepare an income statement with variable costing and a reconciliation statement between both methods.
Variable-Costing Income Statement Refer to the data for Osterman Company on the previous page. Required: 1. Calculate the cost of goods sold under variable costing. 2. Prepare an income statement using variable costing. Use the following information for Brief Exercises 3-23 and 3-24: During the most recent year, Osterman Company had the following data: