3. Discuss the effect of the following physiological changes on the effectiveness of the body’s immune response: a. Taking antacids on a regular basis. b. Changes caused by smoking in the cilia in the respiratory epithelium c. Cut or abrasion in the skin. 2. Explain how the body tries to prevent pathogenic entry into the body 2.3. Evaluate factors that affect the efficiency of the body’s first line of defence

3. Discuss the effect of the following physiological changes on the effectiveness of the body’s immune response: a. Taking antacids on a regular basis. b. Changes caused by smoking in the cilia in the respiratory epithelium c. Cut or abrasion in the skin. 2. Explain how the body tries to prevent pathogenic entry into the body 2.3. Evaluate factors that affect the efficiency of the body’s first line of defence

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter45: Defenses Against Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

1. In phagocytosis, the digestion of phagocytes is always complete 2. The second line of defense is a specific immune response that responds against a specific type (species or strain) of pathogen. 3. Eosinophils can phagocytize and this is their usual mode of attack. 4. The body’s initial line of defense is made up of chemicals, and processes that work together to prevent pathogens from entering the body in the first place. 5. In general, beta and gamma interferons are present early in viral infections, whereas alpha interferon appears somewhat later in the course of infection. 6. The second line of defense is chiefly composed of external physical barriers to pathogens, especially the skin and mucous membranes. 7. The chemicals involved assist phagocytic cells either by directly attacking pathogens or by enhancing other features of specific resistance. 8. The combination of the barrier function of the dermis including its continual replacement and the presence of phagocytic…
6. Match the example/scenario provided to the type of humoral immunity. a. active, naturally acquired b. active, artificially acquired mak c. passive, naturally acquired d. passive, artificially acquired Recent research has shown promise in the treatment of stomach cancer. Patients given a monoclonal antibody that binds to the cancer cells, elicits the immune response to kill the cancer cell. What type of immunity is this an example of? Timothy, a three-year-old, was playing on the playground when he picked up a piece of chewed gum an adult had thrown on the ground. The next day, he ran a fever and was vomiting which his mom attributed to him picking up of immunity is this an example of? the gum and eating it. Assuming this is true, what type In 1950-1960, a vaccine to combat polio was developed. Two types of vaccines were created, an oral vaccine that contained live attenuated (less disease causing) virus and later an inactivated polio vaccine. What type of immunity is this an example…
body: a. Active Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Natural Acquired Immunity 17. ype of Immunity that is acquired in response to the entry of a live pathogen into the c. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity d. Active Natural Acquired Immunity Lifelong immunity to chickenpox is acquired through a. Active Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Natural Acquired Immunity 18. Antibodies injection is an example of a. Active Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Natural Acquired Immunity c. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity d. Active Natural Acquired Immunity 19. On the other hand, vaccines to stimulate immunity is an example of: Active Artificial Acquired Immunity c. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity b. Passive Naturai Acquired Immunity d. Active ÎNatural Acquired immunity a. C. Passive Artificial Acquired Immunity d. Active Natural Acquired Immunity Jomel was bitten by a stray dog. She was injected by antibodies and antirabies vaccine.
7. _ (blank) _ produce antibodies that are released into the bloodstream. Select one: a. B cells b. T cells c. Plasma cells d. Memory cells e. Mast cells 8. What is produced by white blood cells and act to stimulate other white blood cells? Select one: a. Immunoglobulins b. Histamines c. Interferons d. Interleukins e. Complements 9. An important step in the body's second line of defense is to identify the pathogen's _ (blank) _. Select one: a. Antibodies b. Histamines c. Antigens d. Cytokines e. Interferons
5. IDENTIFY THE DESCRIPTIONS OF NON-SPECIFIC DEFENSES OF THE BODY BY MATCHING COLUMN A WITH COLUMN B. Column A Column B 1) Part of the ﬁrst line of defense A. Acids 2) Entraps microorganisms entering the B. Lysozyme respiratory passages. 3) Provide chemical barriers C. Mucosae 4) Provide mechanical barriers D. Mucus 5) Have antimicrobial activity E. Protein-digesting enzymes F. Skin G. Sebum
1. What physical barrier and non-specific defenses help to prevent infection? How is a "non- specific" defense different from a "specific" defense? 2. Non-specific immunity is also called_immunity while specific immunity is called 3. Describe the roles of complement proteins, cilia (in lungs), natural killer cells and phagocytes. How are these non-specific defenses? 4. Describe the inflammatory response. Describe how this happens. 5. How is the immune system (and inflammation) related to allergies? 6. What is an antigen? How does your immune system recognize it? 7. What is an antibody? 8. Know the difference between B cells, killer T cells, and helper T cells. What do they do? Where are they produced, what type of immunity they provide, how do they kill foreign organisms. 9. Describe how the immune system responds to an infection..basically know how a B cell is activated and how it makes antibodies. 10. What is the difference between a primary and a secondary immune response? 11. What…
1. List all components of the first line of defense and describe how they protect the body. 2.Describe all components of the second line of defense and describe how they protect the body.
1. Tolerance plays a critical role in the adaptive immune system. Immune cells should not recognize host (or self) antigens. What mechanisms are available to remove lymphocytes with receptors that do recognize self antigens? 2. Explain how an individual’s first and subsequent exposures to an allergen differ by describing how the immune system responds to exposure. Answer both questions please
4. In teaching a patient with SLE about the disorder, the nurse knows that the pathophysiology of SLE includesA. an autoimmune T-cell reaction that results in destruction of the deep dermal skin layer.B. circulating immune complexes formed from IgG autoantibodies reacting with IgG. C. the production of a variety of autoantibodies directed against components of the cell nucleus. D. immunologic dysfunction leading to chronic inflammation in the cartilage and muscles. 5. Validating / verifying data is an activity in the assessment. What are the techniques appropriate to verify questionable information? 1. Double-check information that is inconsistent with patient cues.2. Double check that your equipment is working correctly3. Create a list of the suspected problem4. Look for factors that may alter the accuracy5. Ruling out of similar problems A. 1,2,4B. 2,3,4C. 1,2,3 D. 3,4,5
2. Many people become infected with the chicken pox virus during childhood. After recovering from chicken pox, these people are usually immune to the disease for the rest of their lives. However, they may still be infected by viruses that cause other diseases, such as measles. Discuss the immune response to the chicken pox virus. In your answer, be sure to include: • the role of antigens in the immune response • the role of white blood cells in the body's response to the virus • an explanation of why recovery from an infection with the chicken pox virus will not protect a person from getting a different disease, such as measles• an explanation of why a chicken pox vaccination usually does not cause a person to become ill with chicken pox
Indicate whether the following questions are true (T) or false (F). a. Secondary immune responses take the same amount of time as primary immune responses to become effective. b. On secondary exposure to an infectious agent there is reduced mortality. c. Only immune responses made in mucosal secondary lymphoid tissues can provide protective immunity. d. If an individual acquires a second cold in the same season it will most probably be caused by a different type of cold virus. e. Plasma cells generated in a secondary immune response have longer life-spans than those made during a primary immune response. f. During a primary immune response, only memory B cells are generated.
a. Describe the main elements of the process through which the immune system distinguishes self from nonself. b. How is surveillance of the tissues carried out? c. What is responsible for this surveillance? d. What does the term foreign mean in reference to the immune system?