3. How do GPS receivers use time to determine the distance from the satellites? O a. The satellites transmit signals at a constant speed which include very precise time stamps. The GPS receivers use the time lag from when the signal was transmitted from the satellite to when it was received to calculate a distance from the satellite. O b. The satellites transmit signals at a constant speed, and your GPS receiver picks up the first satellite signal that reaches a 90-degree angle from th receiver and the Earth's surface. This signal includes a very precise time stamp. Using trigonometry, the receiver calculates the distance to the satellite based on the time stamp and the 90-degree angle. O c. The satellites transmit signals at a constant speed that are picked up by the GPS receivers. The signal is then retransmitted to the satellite, which calculates the distance based on the time lag from when it transmitted the signal to when it received it back. O d. The GPS receivers transmit signals at a constant speed which include very precise time stamps. The satellites use the time lag from when the signal was transmitted to when it was received to calculate a distance from the GPS receiver.

3. How do GPS receivers use time to determine the distance from the satellites? O a. The satellites transmit signals at a constant speed which include very precise time stamps. The GPS receivers use the time lag from when the signal was transmitted from the satellite to when it was received to calculate a distance from the satellite. O b. The satellites transmit signals at a constant speed, and your GPS receiver picks up the first satellite signal that reaches a 90-degree angle from th receiver and the Earth's surface. This signal includes a very precise time stamp. Using trigonometry, the receiver calculates the distance to the satellite based on the time stamp and the 90-degree angle. O c. The satellites transmit signals at a constant speed that are picked up by the GPS receivers. The signal is then retransmitted to the satellite, which calculates the distance based on the time lag from when it transmitted the signal to when it received it back. O d. The GPS receivers transmit signals at a constant speed which include very precise time stamps. The satellites use the time lag from when the signal was transmitted to when it was received to calculate a distance from the GPS receiver.

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College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter2: Kinematics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13PE: Conversations with astronauts on the lunar surface were characterized by a kind of echo in which the...

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You have a great job working at a major league baseball stadium for the summer! At this stadium, the speed of every pitch is measured using a radar gun aimed at the pitcher by an operator behind home plate. The operator has so much experience with this job that he has perfected a technique by which he can make each measurement at the exact instant at which the ball leaves the pitchers hand. Your supervisor asks you to construct an algorithm that will provide the speed of the ball as it crosses home plate, 18.3 m from the pitcher, based on the measured speed vi of the ball as it leaves the pitchers hand. The speed at home plate will be lower due to the resistive force of the air on the baseball. The vertical motion of the ball is small, so, to a good approximation, we can consider only the horizontal motion of the ball. You begin to develop your algorithm by applying the particle under a net force to the baseball in the horizontal direction. A pitch is measured to have a speed of 40.2 m/s as it leaves the pitchers hand. You need to tell your supervisor how fast it was traveling as it crossed home plate. (Hint: Use the chain rule to express acceleration in terms of a derivative with respect to x, and then solve a differential equation for v to find an expression for the speed of the baseball as a function of its position. The function will involve an exponential. Also make use of Table 6.1.)
A space probe on the surface of Mars sends a radio signal back to the Earth, a distance of 7.86 107 km. Radio waves travel at the speed of light (3.00 108 m/s). How many seconds does it take the signal to reach the Earth?
(a) Use the distance and velocity data in Figure 3.64 to find the rate of expansion as a function of distance. (b) If you extrapolate back in time, how long ago would all of the galaxies have been at approximately the same position? The two parts of this problem give you some idea of how the Hubble constant for universal expansion and the time back to the Big Bang are determined, respectively. Figure 3.64 Five galaxies on a straight line, showing their distances and velocities relative to the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy. The distances are in millions of light years (Mly), where a light year is the distance light travels in one year. The velocities are nearly proportional to the distances. The sizes of the galaxies are greatly exaggerated; an average galaxy is about 0.1 MlY across.
The great astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that all distant galaxies are receding from our Milky Way Galaxy with velocities proportional to their distances. It appears to an observer on the Earth that we are at the center of an expanding universe. Figure 3.64 illustrates this for five galaxies lying along a straight line, with the Milky Way Galaxy at the center. Using the data from the figure, calculate the velocities: (a) relative to galaxy 2 and (b) relative to galaxy 5. The results mean that observers on all galaxies will see themselves at the center of the expanding universe, and they would likely be aware of relative velocities, concluding that it is not possible to locate the center of expansion with the given information. Figure 3.64 Five galaxies on a straight line, showing their distances and velocities relative to the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy. The distances are in millions of light years (Mly), where a light year is the distance light travels in one year. The velocities are nearly proportional to the distances. The sizes of the galaxies are greatly exaggerated; an average galaxy is about 0.1 MlY across.
Conversations with astronauts on the lunar surface were characterized by a kind of echo in which the earthbound person's voice was so loud in the astronaut's space helmet that it was picked up by the astronaut's microphone and transmitted back to Earth. It is reasonable to assume that the echo time equals the time necessary for the radio wave to travel from the Earth to the Moon and back (that is, neglecting any time delays in the electronic equipment). Calculate the distance from Earth to the Moon given that the echo time was 2.56 s and that radio waves travel at the speed of light (3.00108 m/s).
2) Two vehicles meet from two cities separated by 300 km, with speeds of 60 km/h and 40 km/h, respectively. If the one driving at 40 km/h leaves two hours later, answer the following questions: A) The time it takes them to meet. B) The position where they are. The answers should be A) 3,8 hours. B) 228 km
1. The population P of elephants in a wild animal preserve changes with time (in years) according to the equation dP - 0.0005P(190 - P)dt = 0. If there are 46 elephants initially, in how many years will the population reach 90? 2. For earth, let g and R be the acceleration due to gravity and the radius, respectively. If another Planet B has one-half the acceleration due to gravity of the earth but four times its radius, then the velocity of escape of that same object placed on Planet B is twice that on earth. (True or False)
1. How do you calculate the total flight time (t) and range (r) in each of the following cases?
1. A scientist suggested that sending people to Mars using a 250-m long cannon would fire people in a space capsule using a speed of 11.10 km/s. What is the acceleration? Comparing to gravitational acceleration, what can you imply with the data? 2. A particle in a constant acceleration has a velocity of 11.20 cm/s in the positive x direction when its x-coordinate is 4.00 cm. If its x-coordinate 3.00s later is -8.00 cm, what is its acceleration (in m/s2)? 3. A boat with a velocity of 27 m/s approaches a marker 98 m ahead. Because of this, the pilot decelerates the boat with a constant acceleration of -2.80 m/s2. (a) How long does it take the boat to reach the marker? Choose the smaller value for time for a quadratic equation. (b) What is the velocity of the boat when it reaches the marker?
The high noon sun shines straight down on an airplane that is climbing through the atmosphere at an angle of 8.0° from horizontal. The plane's climb rate is 750 meters per minute. This the rate at which its altitude increases. (a) What is the speed of the airplane? (b) What is the speed of the plane's shadow crossing the flat desert below?
1. Andrew and Kevin decide to try out the physics ideas that they are learning and take their baseball pitching machine and a baseball to a 96 feet tall local building. Based on what they have learned the height, s(t), of a baseball, thrown straight up with an initial speed of 80 feet per second from a rooftop 96 feet high is s(t)=-16t^2+80t+96 where t is the elapsed time that the baseball is in the air. The baseball that is pitched miss the rooftop on their way down and eventually strike the ground. a) What is the average velocity of a baseball from t=0 to t=2 seconds? b) What is the velocity of the baseball 2 seconds after it is thrown? c) After how many seconds will the velocity of the baseball reach zero? d) What is the velocity of the baseball t seconds after it is thrown? e) What is the velocity of the baseball as it passes the roof top on the way down?
2. A ship moving North at 10mph. A passenger walks Southeast across the deck at 5mph. In what direction and how fast is the man moving, relative to the earth’s surface?