3. We study the effects of changes in labor productivity on the labor market in the long run in the context of the Mortensen-Pissarides model. For simplicity, unemployment benefits are set to b=0. In the long run, wages and recruiting costs are proportional to labor productivity: w = By and kcy where b and c are two with y. positive real numbers. Equilibrium market tightness Does not vary; does not vary with y and the unemployment rate Increases; Does not vary with a. d. b. C. Increases; Decreases Decreases; Increases e. Does not vary; Increases
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- Assume that an economy operates according to the sticky-wage model. The nominal wagewas set to make labor supply and labor demand equal when the expected price levelequaled 120 (as measured by the consumer price index).a. Use a graph of the labor market to illustrate what happens to the quantity oflabor employed if the actual price level over the time period when wages arestuck equals 110.b. Use a graph of the production function to illustrate how the quantity of outputproduced changes if the actual price level equals 110 when the expected pricelevel is 120.c. Given the unexpectedly low price level, will this economy be operating above,below, or at the natural rate?Please no written by hand solutions Suppose that the markup of goods prices over marginal cost is 5%, and that the wage-setting equation is W= P(1-u), where u is the unemployment rate. a. What is the real wage, as determined by the price-setting equation? b. What is the natural rate of unemployment? c. Suppose that the markup of prices over costs increases to 10%. What happens to the natural rate of unemployment? Explain the intuition behind your answer.Two main macroeconomic concerns are the problems of inflation andunemployment.a. What are the social costs of inflation? Explain TWO of them? b. What is natural rate of unemployment? Explain the TWO main causesof natural rate of unemployment. With reference specifically to ONEof these causes, suggest ONE practical government policy that reducesthe natural rate of unemployment.
- Question1) a) A labor market is in steady state equilibrium with unemployment rate u = 0.04 and probability of re-employment per month λ = 0.12. What is the probability of becoming unemployed in a month? b) What is the size of the labor force when the number of unemployed is U = 20,000? How long does an unemployment spell last on average? c) An increase in unemployment benefits makes the duration of unemployment spells 10 months. What is the new level of unemployment? d) In a simple job search model, the probability of an unemployed worker finding a job (λ) is equal to the probability of receiving a job offer (µ) times the probability of accepting it (p). Assume that the reduction in λ from part a) to part c) is not due to changes in unemployment benefits, but rather due to changes in µ. If p remains constant at 0.2, what is the reduction in µ? e) It is not realistic to assume that p remains constant. Explain why. Assuming that the wage distribution is fixed, in which direction…Suppose that a country experiences a reduction in productivity--that is, an adverse shock to the production function. (This example should sound familiar!)a. What happens to the labor demand curve?b. How would this change in productivity affect the labor market--that is, employment, unemployment, and real wages--if the labor market was always in equilibrium?c. How would this change in productivity affect the labor market if unions prevented real wages from falling?a) Which of the following is not true? Frictional unemployment on the labor market arises from a lack of information in the labor market Cyclical unemployment exists because of a recession It is logically impossible for both the unemployment and the employment rates to both simultaneously increase or decrease together Structural unemployment exists because of mismatched worker skills and job availability Full employment requires that no cyclical unemployment exists on the labor market b) Suppose we have the following: (4th order) Value of trees $5 per tree and 1,000 tree harvested; (3rd order) 1,000 trees fabricated in to $25 wood pulp per ton (1,000 tons): (2nd order) 50,000 rolls of facial tissue ($10 each); (1st order consumer goods) of 30,000 boxes of Kleenex tissue at Safeway for $1 each. Which of the following it the correct calculation of GNP? $540,000 $400,000 $450,000 30,000 None of the above is correct
- Q1: Consider a baseline short run equilibrium where output is 16 trillion dollars, and the price level is 20. Note: In the Long Run Steady State Equilibrium, Price expectation is the same as price level & unemployment is 5% or lower. None of these are guaranteed in the short run. Usually, short run equilibrium is called an underemployment equilibrium.• Starting from the baseline, suppose COVID 19 hits this economy. If this disease only makes workers sick (everything else remaining constant) can you show how would the short run steady state equilibrium will be disrupted? As a Keynesian Macroeconomist, what policies will you propose?• You should answer each step in the following the answer 1 table. Q2: Continuing from Question 1: What will be the shape of the Phillips Curve because of the policy that you selected in Step 2 (of Question 1)? Why? Please explain in detail.•You should answer each step in the following the answer 2 table.5. Consider the following changes in the sticky-wage model. a. Suppose labor contracts are fully indexed for inflation so that as inflation changes. That is, the nominal wage is to be adjusted to fully compensate for changes in the consumer price index. How does full indexation alter the AS curve in this model? b. Suppose that now indexation is only partial. That is, for every increase in the CPI, the nominal wage rises, but by a smaller percentage. How does partial indexation alter the AS curve in this model?/Consider a baseline long run equilibrium where output is 22 trillion dollars, and the price level is 100. Note: In the Long Run Steady State Equilibrium, Price expectation is the same as price level & unemployment is 5% or lower. None of these are guaranteed in the short run. Usually, short run equilibrium is called an underemployment equilibrium.Starting from the baseline, suppose COVID 19 hits this economy. If this disease only makes workers sick (everything else remaining constant) this is a Continuing from Question 3, and Question 3 had been answered in Answer 3 table. You should answer in table Anwser4 with following steps
- Assume that the real wage in an economy is held above equilibrium.a. Graphically illustrate how an increase in technology that raises the demand for labor willchange the number of unemployed workers. Be sure to label the axes and the quantities oflabor hired before and after the technological progress.b. Explain in words what happens to the number of unemployed as a result of this change.c. The number of unemployed falls from (L – L1) to (L – L2).Q3: Consider a baseline long run equilibrium where output is 22 trillion dollars, and the price level is 100. Note: In the Long Run Steady State Equilibrium, Price expectation is the same as price level & unemployment is 5% or lower. None of these are guaranteed in the short run. Usually, short run equilibrium is called an underemployment equilibrium.• Starting from the baseline, suppose COVID 19 hits this economy. If this disease only makes workers sick (everything else remaining constant) can you show how would the short run steady state equilibrium will be disrupted? A Keynesian Macroeconomist proposes the use of a massive expansionary fiscal policy. Would you agree, disagree?• You should answer each step in the following answer 3 table. Q4: Continuing from Question 3: What will be the shape of the Phillips Curve because of the Keynesian Colleague's massive expansionary fiscal policy (from Question 3)? Why? Please explain in detail.•You should answer each step in the following…economic Suppose that an economy’s production function is Cobb–Douglas with parameter a=0.3. a. What fractions of income do capital and labor receive? b. Suppose that immigration increases the labor force by 10 percent.What happens to total output (in percent)? The rental price of capital? The real wage? c. Suppose that a gift of capital from abroad raises the capital stock by 10 percent.What happens to total output (in percent)? The rental price of capital? The real wage? d. Suppose that a technological advance raises the value of the parameter A by 10 percent. What happens to total output (in percent)? The rental price of capital? The real wage?