33) Which of the following is NOT true according to classical macroeconomics theory? Given output and the interest rate, the price level adjusts to balance the supply of, and demand for, money. Output is determined by the supplies of capital and labor and the available production technology. For any given level of output, the interest rate adjusts to balance the supply of, and demand for, money. For any given level of output, the interest rate adjusts to balance the supply of, and demand for, loanable funds.
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- Starting from general equilibrium, what would be the long-run effects of a simultaneous reduction in government purchases (G↓) and increase in the money supply (M↑) designed to leave real GDP the same on each of the following economic variables? For each, you should write one of the following responses: Up (U), Down (D), orSame (S) The real interest rate (r) Investment (I) Consumption (C) The price level (P) Budget deficit (G – T) Future standard of living (i.e., future per capita consumption)Figure 1: Hayek’s (Classical) AD-AS Model 1.1. Hayek says that markets will heal themselves and that government should not intervene. How does the AD-AS model reflect Hayek’s idea that governments cannot increase real GDP beyond the level that the free market economy is able to produce? 1.2. Do you believe that the Hayek’s classical AD-AS model explain the factors that cause changes (shifts) in AS realistically? Why or why not? Figure 2: Keynes’s AD-AS Model 2.1. In Figure 2 above, what are the factors that may cause the aggregate demand to shift from AD to AD1? What is the difference between demand pull inflation, cost push inflation and recession? 2.2. In macroeconomics, the immediate short run is known as a length of time when both input prices and output prices are fixed. In the short-run, input prices are fixed but output prices are variable. In the long run, input prices and output prices can vary. Describe the AS curve in the Immediate Short run. Describe the AS curve…Suppose we start with a general equilibrium, and the economy experience an improvement in payment technology. Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between the initial general equilibrium and the final general equilibrium 1. the real interest rate is greater under the final equilibrium 2. the real interest rate is smaller under the final equilibrium 3. the real interst range does not change under the final equilibrium 4. None of the above
- 1. Which of the following is not an assumption of the simple Keynesian ? (a).We are in the short run (b). Prices are constant (c).Output is demand -determine (d). Output is supply -determine (e). Aggregate output is equals planned expenditure 3. Equilibrium in the market for bank reserves determine. 4. The consumer prices index (CPS) baskets of goods typically consumed in period 2 goods .QUESTION 5Imagine the following simple Keynesian macroeconomic model for a closed economy.TD = C + Ip + G (total demand)C = C0 + YD (aggregate household consumption)YD = Y − T (aggregate household disposable income)Ip = I0 + aY − bR (aggregate planned investment)Y = TD (output, equilibrium condition)BB = T – G (government budget balance)With:G government consumption, T taxes, R real interest rate (exogenous variables)C0) and I0 autonomous consumption and investment0 < a, c, a+c < 1, b > 0 constant parametersDerive the equation for output and answer the following question. If the government in this model simultaneously increases its consumption G and its taxes T by the same amount, then: total demand decreases, and equilibrium output declines. total demand decreases, and equilibrium output declines, but only if C > G. total demand increases, and equilibrium output rises. The rise of output is stronger the higher the households’ marginal propensity to consume. total demand…18 - : If aggregate demand increases in an economy while aggregate demand is constant in the short run, which of the following statements is correct for the new equilibrium point?A) price decreases and national income increasesB) price rises national income risesC) price increases and national income does not changeD) price goes up and national income goes downE) price decreases and national income decreases.19 - : In which of the following expressions is the equation of change given correctly?A) MV=VK B) MT=PV C) MV=PT D) MP=VY E) MV=P
- (1) Suppose there are more borrowers than lenders in the economy.what is the aggregate effect Of a decrease in the interest rate on C,C"and S ?Suppose the economy of Ghana in 2020 was characterized by C = ¢400m + 0.75(Y-T); I = ¢400m - 20r; G = ¢200m; T = ¢200m; Ms = ¢250m/P; Md = 0.25Y - 10r a. Derive the IS and LM curve equations. Give a brief explanation as to why they are positively or negatively sloped. b. Calculate equilibrium output and interest rates (in this case assume P=1). Econ313 2020/2021 PROBLEM SET 2 Page 1 of 2 c. Suppose the government of Ghana in the second half of 2020 spent an additional ¢50m to mitigate the impact of the COVID pandemic on households and businesses and government tax revenue declined by 10% as a result of the lockdown in Ghana what will be the new equilibrium output? d. Will the policy in (c) above have an impact on interest rate? Briefly explain. e. What is the amount of the fiscal deficit incurred as a result of the government fiscal policies as pursued in (c) above?Assume that nominal wages are sticky and that firms determine the level of employment in the short run. Use an AD/AS diagram to model the goods market, a labor demand/supply diagram to model the labor market, and the loanable funds diagram to model the financial market. Assume that in addition to the real interest, consumption depends on current disposable income and the present value of future disposable income. Speculate what would happen in the current time period to equilibrium output, prices, real interest rates, savings (and consumption) and investment expenditures, real wages and employment as a result of: (Please include diagrams) a.An increase in the money supply .b.Government spending increases as a result of an increase in military expenditures. Assume that government budget remains balanced. c.A permanent change in technology that results in greater output for the same amount of inputs and that increases the marginal products of labor and capital. d.There was a temporary…
- Consider a scenario of a closed economy in the short run where price level is fixed. Assume that both taxes and money supply increase in a way that keep output constant in equilibrium (suppose that the marginal propensity to consume is less than one). Which of the following may result from the policy change? a) It will lead to an increase in investment but a decrease in consumption.b) It will result in an increase in investment but a decrease in government spending.c) It will lead to an increase in investment and private saving.d) It will decrease investment but increase in public saving.Instructions: Enter your answers as whole numbers. A) What are the equilibrium price level and the equilibrium level of real output in this hypothetical economy? Is the equilibrium real output also necessarily the full-employment real output? B)If the price level in this economy is 150, will quantity demanded equal, exceed, or fall short of quantity supplied? By what amount? If the price level is 250, will quantity demanded equal, exceed, or fall short of quantity supplied? By what amount? C) Suppose that buyers desire to purchase $ 200 billion of extra real output at each price level. What are the new equilibrium price level and level of real output?1.At which equilibrium point does the economy have inflationary gap and what is the value of such gap in percentage point 2.what government policy should be recommended for this specific macroeconomic problem ? 3. What does e1 represent?