4. A large block of Aluminum is initially at uniform temperature of 40 °C the surface is exposed to constant heat flux of 4x105 W/m?. Calculate surface temperature and temperature at depth of 2 cm after 0.5 minute.
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- A spherical communications satellite, 2 m in diameter, is placed in orbit around the earth. The satellite generates 1000 W of internal power from a small nuclear generator. If the surface of the satellite has an emittance of 0.3, and is shaded from solar radiation by the earth, estimate its surface temperature.A 0.6-cm diameter mild steel rod at 38C is suddenly immersed in a liquid at 93C with hc=110W/m2K. Determine the time required for the rod to warm to 88C.Determine the rate of heat transfer per meter length from a 5-cm-OD pipe at 150C placed eccentrically within a larger cylinder of 85 magnesia wool as shown in the sketch. The outside diameter of the larger cylinder is 15 cm and the surface temperature is 50C.
- 2.3 The shield of a nuclear reactor is idealized by a large 25-cm-thick flat plate having a thermal conductivity of . Radiation from the interior of the reactor penetrates the shield and there produces heat generation that decreases exponentially from a value of at the inner surface to a value of at a distance of 12.5 cm from the interior surface. If the exterior surface is kept at 38°C by forced convection, determine the temperature at the inner surface of the field. Hint: First set up the differential equation for a system in which the heat generation rate varies according to .1.4 To measure thermal conductivity, two similar 1-cm-thick specimens are placed in the apparatus shown in the accompanying sketch. Electric current is supplied to the guard heater, and a wattmeter shows that the power dissipation is 10 W. Thermocouples attached to the warmer and to the cooler surfaces show temperatures of 322 and 300 K, respectively. Calculate the thermal conductivity of the material at the mean temperature in W/m K. Problem 1.4The first part of the question has been worked on, where the heat transfer was calculated to be 6.770 kilowatt, but the problem also asks to calculate the temperature of the outer most surface. What is the temperature of the outer most surface?
- A spherical interplanetary probe of 0.5 m diameter contains electronics that dissipate 150 W. If the probe surface has an emissivity of 0.9 and the probe does not receive radiation from other surfaces, as, for example, from the sun, what is its surface temperature?The emissivity of galvanized steel sheet, a common roofing material, is ε = 0.13 at temperatures around 300 K, while its absorptivity for solar irradiation is αS = 0.65. Would the neighborhood cat be comfortable walking on a roof constructed of the material on a day when GS = 750 W/m2, T∞ = 16°C, and h = 7 W/m2 · K? Assume the bottom surface of the steel is insulated.What is the rate of heat transfer, temperature gradient, and the direction of the heat transfer through a piece of Celotex 3 ft by 8 ft by 1 in. in thickness, if the temp of one surface is 80°F and of the other side is 60°F? - thermal conductivity of Celotex in AES = 0.028.
- 1. The boiling temperature of water is 100 °C. If you put boiling water in a mugplaced at the table top, you observed that after some time the water cools down,decreasing the temperature of water in the mug. Why is this so? Explain using theZeroth Law of Thermodynamics. What happens to objects when temperature increases? For instance, a jar cover an be removed by putting the cover in hot water. Why is this so?For the composite wall given in the sketcha) Determine the rate of heat transfer through the wallb) Determine the inner and outer surface temperatures of thewall.The heat transfer was calculated to be 6.770 kilowatt, but the problem also asks to calculate the temperature of the outer most surface. What is the temperature of the outer most surface?