4. Apply the classical theory. Consider a hypothetical economy described below: Y=C+I+G C = 50+ c(Y - T) I = 300-20r Y = 2,000 T = 900 G = 1,500
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- 13) Which of the following is NOT an implication of Ricardian equivalence?a) Tax cuts have no effect on national saving. b) The present value of future tax increases equal the current tax cut. c) Tax cuts do not make increase the welfare of consumers. d) The amount of private saving does not change.a) What generally happens to the major macroeconomic variables such as GDP, unemployment rate, and inflation rate during an economic recession? b) Define economic expansion using the reference terms of actual GDP and potential GDP. c) Explain how investment spending and interest rate related. What is the reason behind such a relationship? d) Find the correlation coefficient between interest rate and Real Investment. Does this (actual) value support the theoretical relationship between the variables? Explain. (e) Explain the importance of investment spending for the economy. Only typed answer5 3. permanent Income Hypothesis a) suppose that beta=.9 and R= 2222 (that is ~22%). For an individual who acts according to the PIH, will their consumption next period be higher than current consumption or lower? b) What is the main crucial difference between the Keynesian Consumption function and the consumption function derived from the PIH (or Lifetime Income Hypothesis)? c) If Present Value of future income stream is 500,000 and a person has a beta of.8, how much will their consumption go up today if only today's income increases by 1000? How much will their consumption increase (approximately) if their income goes up by 1000 in all periods?
- Suppose the incoming Biden administration permanently increases taxes and government purchases by equal amounts. 1)What will be the impact (if any) on output in the short run? 2)What will be the impact on the economy’s normal real interest rate (r*) and normal investment (I*, which is the same as normal saving, S*)?1. How do changes in the real interest rate affect the IBL and current and future consumption? 2. How do binding borrowing constraints affect the IBL and current and future consumption? 3. On what assumptions did Keynes base his theory of consumption? How does his theory relate to intertemporal choice?2.2(a)How Permanent income hypothesis and life cycle hypothesis explain the differences between the long-run APC and the short-run APC?(b)Use an appropriate diagram based explain why the MEC-curve might overstate the additional investment that could be generated in an economy with a one-percent reduction in the rate of interest.
- An economy is described by the following set of equations: C = 2,600 + 0.8(Y – T) – 5,000r, I = 3,000 – 15,000r, G = 800, X = M = 0, T = 1,000 + 0.3Y. The real interest rate, expressed as a decimal, is 0.10 (that is, 10 percent). Suppose the flow of GDP consistent with full employment is 10,000. What real interest rate would achieve full employment?Suppose that the typical consumer has a salary of $30,000 in 2017. His salary grows by 2% per year. What can we say about his ability to pay for his consumption basket over time? (A) He can never pay for his consumption basket without going into debt. (B) In 2017 and 2018, he can pay for his own consumption, but will be unable to in 2019 and 2020 without taking on debt. (C) From 2017-2019, he can pay for his own consumption, but will be unable to in 2020 without taking on debt. (D) He can always pay for his own consumption basket without taking on debt.Suppose that consumer spending initially rises by $5 billion for every 1 percent rise in household wealth and that investment spending initially rises by $20 billion for every 1 percentage point fall in the real interest rate. Also assume that the economy�s multiplier is 3. If household wealth falls by 6 percent because of declining house values, and the real interest rate falls by 2 percentage points, in what direction and by how much will the aggregate demand curve initially shift at each price level? The aggregate demand curve will shift_____ by $____ billion. In what direction and by how much will it eventually shift? The aggregate demand curve will shift_____ by $____ billion..