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4. Explain why we need to go understand the dot or scalar product before learning the concept of work.

Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections

1st Edition

ISBN:9781133939146

Author:Katz, Debora M.

Publisher:Katz, Debora M.

Chapter9: Energy In Nonisolated Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7PQ

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Power is defined in physics as the amount of energy transmitted or transformed per unit time. The watt is the unit of electricity in the International System of Units, equivalent to one joule per second.

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Give an example of a situation in which there is a force and a displacement, but the force does no work. Explain why it does no work.
a shopper in a supermarket pushes a cart with a force of 35 N directed at an angle of 25 below the horizontal. The force is just sufficient to overcome various frictional forces, so the cart moves at constant speed, (a) Find the work done by the shopper as she moves down a 50.0-m length aisle, (b) What is the net work done on the cart? Why? (c) The shopper goes down the next aisle, pushing horizontally and maintaining the same speed as before. If the work done by frictional forces doesnt change, would the shoppers applied force be larger, smaller, or the same? What about the work done on the cart by the shopper?
a shopper in a supermarket pushes a cart with a force of 35 N directed at an angle of 25 below the horizontal. The force is just sufficient to overcome various frictional forces, so the cart moves at constant speed, (a) Find the work done by the shopper as she moves down a 50.0-m length aisle, (b) What is the net work done on the cart? Why? (c) The shopper goes down the next aisle, pushing horizontally and maintaining the same speed as before. If the work done by frictional forces doesnt change, would the shoppers applied force be larger, smaller, or the same? What about the work done on the cart by the shopper?
Alex and John are loading identical cabinets onto a truck. Alex lifts his cabinet straight up from the ground to the bed of the truck, whereas John slides his cabinet up a rough ramp to the truck. Which statement is correct about the work done on the cabinet-Earth system? (a) Alex and John do the same amount of work, (b) Alex does more work than John, (c) John does more work than Alex, (d) None of those statements is necessarily true because the force of friction is unknown, (e) None of those statements is necessarily true because the angle of the incline is unknown.
Give an example of something think of as work in everyday circumstances that is not work in the scientific sense. Is energy transferred or changed in form in your example? If so, explain how this without doing work.
What does work on a shuffleboard puck as it slides to rest? Why is the board dusted, and how does this affect work?
Integrated Concepts (a) Calculate the force the woman in Figure 7.46 exerts to do a push-up at constant speed, taking all data to be known to three digits. (b) How much work does she do if her center of mass rises 0.240 m? (c) What is her useful power output if she does 25 push-ups in 1 min? (Should work done lowering her body be included? See the discussion of useful work in Work, Energy, and Power in Humans. Figure 7.46 Forces involved in doing push-ups. The woman's weight acts as a force exerted downward on her center of gravity (CG).
A raindrop of mass 3.35 10-5 kg falls vertically at constant speed under the influence of gravity and air resistance. Model the drop as a particle. As it falls 100 in, what is the work (lone on the raindrop (a) by the gravitational force and (b) by air resistance?
Discuss the work done by a pitcher throwing a baseball. What is the approximate distance through which the force acts as the ball is thrown?
Confirm the value given for the kinetic energy of an aircraft carrier in Table 7.1. You will need to look up the definition of a nautical mile (1knot=1nauticalmile/h) .
(a) How long will it take an 850-kg car with a useful power output of 40.0 hp (1hp=746W) to reach a speed of 15.0 m/s, neglecting friction? (b) How long will this acceleration take if the car also climbs a 3.00-m-high hill in the process?
The person in Figure 7.33 does work on the lawn mower. Under what conditions would the mower gain energy? Under what conditions would it lose energy?