4. Let X'= (X₁,..., Xn) be an n-dimensional random vector whose covariance matrix exists. Let A be an m x n matrix of constants. Then Cov(AX) = ACov(X)A'. True or false, give reasoning.
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- 1) Assuming you have a data matrix X that has n rows and p variables and you know both µ and Σ. How is (X- µ)‘Σ-1(X- µ) distributed? 2) Assuming that you don’t know the values of µ and Σ. How is the statistical distance distributed as n-p gets large?1. In a case where f'(x) is required for f(x1) when the datapoints available are x0 and x1. Which method is best used? 2. In modified Euler'a method, the predictor is computed similar with: __ 3. In order to multiply matrices, they should be __.Show that if X is not a deterministic random variable, then H(X) is strictly positive. What happens to the probabilities if a random variable is non-deterministic?
- Find the OLS estimators for the parameters using the matrices above.If the probability vector is [0.6 0.4 ] and the transition matrix is (0.5 0.5) (0.9 0.1), find the resulting 18th probability vector.A cellphone provider classifies its customers as low users (less than 400 minutes per month) or high users (400 or more minutes per month). Studies have shown that 40% of people who were low users one month will be low users the next month and that 30% of the people who were high users one month will high users next month. a. Set up a 2x2 stochastic matrix with columns and rows labeled L and H that displays these transitions b. After many months, how many % of the customers are high users
- If the non-zero singular values of the column centered matrix X element of R101x9 (number of features = 9) are 6,5,4,3,2,1. 1. Find the total variance explained by the first four principal components. 2. Find the spectral norm of the pseduo-inverse of X.A rainy year is 80% likely to be followed by a rainy year and a drought is 60% likely to be followed by another drought year. Suppose the rainfall condition is known for the initial year to be ‘rainy’. Then the vector ? 0 = 10 gives probabilities of rainy and drought for known initial year.(a) Write out the stochastic matrix.(b) Find the probabilities for:(i) Year 1(ii)what does the equation, d/dt Π = MΠ calculate for where Π is population vector describing the overall state probability distributions and M is a 4x4 transition rate matrix?