4. Using the phylogeny below from McCarthy et al. 2014. Identify whether the statements are true or false. a. Vitis vinifera (grape) is more closely related to Oryza sativa (rice) than Carica papaya (papaya). b. Populus tricocharpa (black cottonwood) and Medicacago truncatula (barrelclover) are considered sister taxa. c. Selaginella moellendorffi (spike moss) is more closely related to Physocomitrella patens (earth moss) than Sorghum bicolor (great millet) d. Populus tricocharpa (black cottonwood) is more advanced than Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). Dicots Populus tricocharpa Medicacago truncatula Arabidopsis thaliana Carica papaya Vitis vinifera Monocots Oryza sativa Land plants Mosses e. There is no way to tell which species evolved first from this phylogeny. Lycophytes Chlorophytes Sorghum bicolor Selaginella moellendorffii Physcomitrella patens Penium margaritaceum Nitella hyalina Spirogyra pratensis Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Charophytes

4. Using the phylogeny below from McCarthy et al. 2014. Identify whether the statements are true or false. a. Vitis vinifera (grape) is more closely related to Oryza sativa (rice) than Carica papaya (papaya). b. Populus tricocharpa (black cottonwood) and Medicacago truncatula (barrelclover) are considered sister taxa. c. Selaginella moellendorffi (spike moss) is more closely related to Physocomitrella patens (earth moss) than Sorghum bicolor (great millet) d. Populus tricocharpa (black cottonwood) is more advanced than Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress). Dicots Populus tricocharpa Medicacago truncatula Arabidopsis thaliana Carica papaya Vitis vinifera Monocots Oryza sativa Land plants Mosses e. There is no way to tell which species evolved first from this phylogeny. Lycophytes Chlorophytes Sorghum bicolor Selaginella moellendorffii Physcomitrella patens Penium margaritaceum Nitella hyalina Spirogyra pratensis Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Charophytes

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter12: Diversity Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9RQ: What kind of trait is important to cladistics? a. shared derived traits b. shared ancestral traits...

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2) All plant species are descended from a single common ancestor. In terms of phylogeny, together all plants (with their common ancestor) represent a a.Polyphyletic taxon b.Multiphyletic taxon c.Monophyletic taxon d.Paraphyletic taxon e.Uniphyletic taxon
The approach to estimating phylogenetic trees is most like the approach of which species concept? 2) A) Morphological species concept B) Biological species conceptC) Subspecies concept D) Phylogenetic species concept Then explain why the answer is correct and the rest are inccorect.
6) Provide an example of a well known group (taxonomic) name that has been rendered non-monophyletic via phylogenetic classification methods. You may find it useful to include a tree in your answer.
1. Which describes the modern classification system?a. based on evolutionary relationshipsb. called Linnean classificationc. based on similar appearancesd. called Darwinian classification2. If two organisms are in the same clade, what can you predict about theirrelationship?a. They are not closely related.b. They share a common ancestor.c. They compete for resources.d. One organism evolved into the other organism. 3.Which best describes traditional classification?a. It is based on shared characteristics.b. It is based on evolutionary relationships.c. It is called phylogenetic classification.d. It is called cladistics
A scientist has developed 3 different phylogenies that describe the relationships between different species of elephants. In Phylogeny A, there are 4 total changes that resulted in 4 different species. In Phylogenies B and C, there are still 4 total species represented, however, they take 6 and 8 changes, respectively, to create them. Which phylogeny is probably correct? a.)Phylogeny A b.)Phylogeny B c.)Phylogeny C d.)All of the above, given every clade contains the same organisms
Two different monophyletic groups that share common ancestry with each other more recently than either does with other taxa are known as?
The phylogenetic tree to the right showsthe evolutionary relationships of taxa A –H. The shapes represent character statetrait changes. A. Which traits (shapes) would individualsin taxa D have? Draw the collection oftraits. B. Is the triangle a synapomorphy orpleisomorphy (circle one)? C. Is the circle a synapomorphy orsympleisomorphy (circle one)?
Q1: It is a group descending from one common ancestor A. Monophyletic B. Polyphyletic C. Periphyletic D. Paraphyletic Q2: It is a group descending from more than one ancestors A. Monophyletic B. Periphyletic C. Paraphyletic D. Polyphyletic Q3: Which of the following characters is not homologous to a bird’s wings? A. A human’s limbs B. A butterfly’s wings C. A bat’s wings D. A whale’s flippers
What do scientists use to apply cladistics? a. homologous traits b. homoplasies c. analogous traits d. monophyletic groups
In a phylogenetic tree, Species 1 and 2 are distantly related to one another but are both darkly pigmented. Species 3 which is unpigmented is a sister taxon to Species 2. The common ancestor to all three species is darkly pigmented; thus, this trait in the phylogeny is considered to be a - A. homoplasy. B. synapomorphy. C. apomorphy. D. symplesiomorphy.
Use the data below to make a Phylogenetic tree AND after circle the different different clades/monophyletic group (many will overlap and that’s okay)
1. a) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What do the lines and branches in a phylogenetic tree represent?