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- 5. The branch of genetics that studies the genetic variation within and between local populations of a species is called A Population genetics B. Molecular genetics C Classical genetics D. Cytogenetics1. What do we need to consider in choosing the best method in introducing recombinant DNA? Compare and contrast at least three considerations (in terms of methods or requirements) in introducing recombinant DNA in plant calli vs animal cell lines. Answer this comprehensively and clearly.1. You are studying a new gene “X” that you think controls skin color in Bearded Dragons. In order to determine what gene X does, you need lots of gene X DNA to work with. So, you decide to amplify it through the process known as PCR. You have a forward and a reverse primer that have been designed to gene Xf – a gene in frogs that is similar to the one found in the Bearded Dragon. You are pretty sure that these two primers will work in Bearded Dragons, so you decide to go ahead with the PCR. In frogs, the Forward Xf primer binds gene Xf between nucleotides 32 and 47. The Reverse Xf primer binds between nucleotides 1110 and 1135. a. What size PCR product would these two primers create if they amplified the frog gene Xf?? 3. A fellow lab worker brings you DNA containing what might be a similar gene in Leopard Geckos (XG). She asks you to see if you can amplify it using the same primers you used in frogs and the Bearded Dragon. You run the PCR and then analyze the product by…
- 1. How may recombinant DNA molecules be introduced into human cells? a. by splicing the needed genes into a mammalian chromosome using restriction enzymes. b. by adding plasmids to the mammalian cells. c. by using engineered viruses as vectors. d. by using a gene gun. 2. If someone is accused of a crime, investigators can collect his or her DNA to compare the DNA of the cells found at the crime scene. To collect human DNA, investigators often swab the inside of person’s cheek. Just a few human cheek cells contain enough material to perform PCR. In a cell, the nucleus and mitochondria contain DNA that is the starting material for PCR. Identify the 4 components needed to start a PCR reaction (equipment not included)2. How can we endure that diverse populations are adequately represented in genetic research, and what steps can be taken to address the historical imbalances in the field?Discuss Concepts Many human diseases are caused by recessive alleles that are not expressed in heterozygotes. Some people think that eugenicsthe selective breeding of humans to eliminate undesirable genetic traitsprovides a way for us to rid our populations of such harmful alleles. Explain why eugenics cannot eliminate such genetic traits from human populations.
- 6. Read the following sentence: “Even though people selectively breed to yield animals with desired traits, there are dangers to selective breeding.” What does yield mean as used in the text? a) To produce b) To surrender c) To endanger d) Not worth much money to remove1. The first genetic test developed for this disease took advantage of a large family of over 2,000 individuals who lived along Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela. These family members, some with and some without Huntington’s disease, could all trace their ancestry to a single female who settled in the region a number of generations ago.Genomic DNA from family members with and without Huntington’s disease was cut with a set of enzymes that make reproducible cuts at known DNA sequences. These DNA fragments were run on a DNA gel to see which fragments correlated with the presence of Huntington’s disease. a) How might the large number (over 2,000) of family members who have a common ancestor who suffered from Huntington’s disease make it easy to narrow down the gene location of the Huntington’s locus (compared to doing the same experiment with a small family descended from a Huntington’s sufferer)?1. Write if the statement is true and modify the statement with the correct answer if its false a. E. coli strains used in blue-white screening produce blue color complexes because their beta-galactosidases are activated via alpha-complementation. b. If you are a researcher trying to identify a gene that is responsible for a trait of interest, the first thing that you would do is to make a review of the literature that is available. c. The polylinker region in plasmids is where specific DNA sequences are cut by non-specific restriction enzymes. d. Blue-white screening is one of the last steps involved in determining if the gene of interest has been inserted successfully in plasmids.
- 8) The majority of direct-to-consumer genetic tests: A) must be obtained through a doctor B) makes medical diagnosis directly available to people C) are only available for conditions in which the test results are highly conclusive and reliable. D) analyzes associations found between particular gene sequences and increased risk for conditions6. In what ways do you think increasing diversity in genetic studies can improve healthcare outcomes for all populations, and how can we measure the impact of that diversity?1. Through observing the sequence of events (A → B → C → D) found below, describe how reproductive cloning is made possible. Your response should consist of 3—5 complete sentences. SENTENCE STARTER: The process of cloning may look quite tricky, but it can actually be broken down into 4 individual steps. In step A, the cells of the organism we want to be cloned are isolated and the… 2. What is an ADVANTAGE of engaging in cloning practices similar to the one highlighted above? What reason might a farmer, livestock owner, or someone else use as justification for cloning? 3. What is a DISADVANTAGE (or potential drawback) of cloning plants, livestock, or pets?