50. During an experiment, equal aliquots of Escher E. coli cells are disrupted, but there is minimal OA) Cytoplasmic membrane B) Outer membrane OC) Peptidoglycan layer D) Phospholipid bilayer E) Polysaccharide capsule
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- What phenomenon would you expect to see occurring under a microscope when healthy cells of E. coli bacteria are placed in a dish of distilled water? Briefly explain the underlying mechanism.73) The type of bacteria that lacks peptidoglycan in its cell wall is: a) Cyanobacteria b) Eubacteria c) Archaebacteria d) Bacteriophage e) Halophiles 74) All the followings belong to the same method of controlling bacteria except: a) Radiation b) Gases c) Dry Heat d) Filtration e) Low temperatures 75) The reason bacteria uses siderophore is because of the: a) Low solubility of iron oxide in water b) The molecule is a good iron chelator c) Low solubility of Ferrous in water d) Low solubility of Ferric in water e) c & dBacterial cells have a much higher rate of metabolism than animal cells. Under ideal conditions, some bacteria double in size anddivide every 20 min, whereas most animal cells under rapid growth conditions require 24 hours. The high rate of bacterial metabolism requires a high ratio of surface area to cell volume.(a) Why does surface-to-volume ratio affect the maximum rate of metabolism?(b) Calculate the surface-to-volume ratio for the spherical bacterium Neisseriagonorrhoeae (diameter 0.5 μm), responsible for the disease gonorrhea. Compare it with the surface-to-volume ratio for a globular amoeba, a large eukaryotic cell (diameter 150 μm). The surface area of a sphere is 4πr 2 .
- Name the phases of bacterial growth in which cells are the most Heterogeneous- Homogeneous- what is the difference between hetrogenous and homogenous?What is one way that the bacterial plasma membrane, and the bacterial cell wall, are functionally similar? And what is one way that the bacterial plasma membrane, and the bacterial cell wall, are functionally different?49. Which of the following are CORRECTLY linked to their requirement for bacterial growth ? Group of answer choices PABA ( para amino benzoic acid) ::::: precursor for folic acid synthesis nitrogen ::::: for amine group ( -NH2)of amino acids & nitrogenous bases heme ::::: critical for cytochromes (in electron transport chain) purines & pyrimidines :::: nucleic acid synthesis phosphorous :::: DNA, RNA, phospholipids all of the above 50. What would you assume about an obligate aerobe ? Group of answer choices they have lipid A in their cell wall it's comparable to a microaerophiles more growth would be observed compared to an anaerobe under similar conditions lower SOD and catalase levels don't match with how it behaves in the presence of oxygen undergoes slow metabolism ( in presence of oxygen) ; more dormant cells than anaerobes can’t tolerate atmospheric oxygen
- Each species of bacteria has its own distinctive cell surface. Thecharacteristics of the cell surface play an important role in processessuch as conjugation and transduction. For example, certainstrains of E. coli have pili on their cell surface. These pili enableE. coli to conjugate with other E. coli and also enable certain bacteriophages (such as M13) to bind to the surface of the E. coli andgain entry into the cytoplasm. With these ideas in mind, explainwhich forms of genetic transfer (i.e., conjugation, transduction,and transformation) are more likely to occur between different speciesof bacteria. Discuss some of the potential consequences ofinterspecies genetic transfer.We use Lysozyme to break down the cell wall in E.coli to lyse the cells. Why do we not use Lysozyme on mammalian cells?(50) During an experiment , equal aliquots of Escherichia coil and Staphylococcus aureus are separately sonicated at the same level to mechanically disrupt bacterial cells. E.coli cells are disrupted , but their is minimal disruption of S, aureus cells. Which of the following bacterial structures best explains this difference? (A) Cytoplasmic membrane (B) Outer membrane (C) Peptidoglycan layer (D) Phospholipid bilayer (E0 Polysaccharide capsule
- (52) During the development of a new vaccine , an investigator generates a mutant strain of bacteria that does not adhere to mucosal epithelia in which of the following bacterial components or structures would most likely prevent bacterial adhesion? (A) Capsules (B) Flagella (C) Lipopolysaccharide (D) Lipotelchoic acid (E) Piii (F) Porins (G) Siderophores (H) Sporesin isolating ribosomes from a yield sample, describe the ideal type of centrifugation for this separation technique based on the following:*Type of Centrifugation* Type of fraction *Give 2 advantages of using this type of centrifuge.*Give 2 disadvantages of using this type of centrifuge.4. Penicillin does not directly kill bacteria. Why do cells usually die in the presence of penicillin? And, therefore, what cells from a given species would penicillin then target and what cells would penicillin not be able to target from that specific species? Think peptidoglycan, what would be more targeted then, gram + or gram – and why?
