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54) If a higher inflation is expected, what would you expect to happen to the shape of the yield curve? Why?
55) What is the shape of the yield curve when short rates are expected to fall in the medium term, and then increase? Demonstrate this graphically.
56) What is the shape of the yield curve when short-term rates are expected to rise sharply in the mid-term and moderately in the long-term?
57) When interest rates on 1-2-3-4-5 year bonds are 2.0, 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5 percent respectively, what information do we derive on future economic growth and real output?
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- Suppose that the yield curve shows that the one-year bond yield is 3 percent, the two-year yield is 4 percent, and the three-year yield is 5 percent. Assume that the risk premium on the one-year bond is zero, the risk premium on the two-year bond is 1 percent, and the risk premium on the three-year bond is 2 percent. What are the expected one-year interest rates next year and the following year?A bond has a Macaulay duration of 10.00 and is priced to yield 8.0%. If interest rates go up so that the yield goes to 8.5%, what will be the percentage change in the price of the bond? Now, if the yield on this bond goes down to 7.5%, what will be the bond's percentage change in price? Comment on your findings. If interest rates go up to 8.5%, the percentage change in the price of the bond is nothing%. (Round to two decimal places.) If interest rates go down to 7.5%, the percentage change in the price of the bond is nothing%. (Round to two decimal places.) Comment on your findings. (Select the best answer below.) A. As interest rates decrease, the price of the bond decreases. As interest rates increase, the price of the bond increases. B. As interest rates increase or decrease, the price of the bond will always increase. C. As interest rates increase or decrease, the price of the bond remains the same. D. As interest rates…Based on economics forecast and analysis, one year Treasury bill rates and liquidity premiums for the next four years are expected to be as follows 5.65%, 6.75% 6.85% 7.15% respectively and the liquidity premium from 2nd year to 4th year is 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.12%. Using the liquidity premium theory, plot the current yield curve. Make sure you label the axes on the graph and identify the four annual rates on the curve both on the axes and on the yield curve itself.
- Suppose that at the end of 2022 the one-year interest rate was 9.75% and the two-year interest rate was 10.5%. How can this yield curve be interpreted? Calculate the expected short-term interest rate at the end of 2023.The table below shows current and expected future one-year interest rates, as well as current interest rates on multiyear bonds. Use the table to calculate the liquidity premium for each multiyear bond. Year One-Year Bond Rate Multiyear Bond Rate 1 2.00% 2.00% 2 3.00% 3.00% 3 6.00% 5.00% 4 7.00% 7.00% 5 10.00% 8.00% The liquidity premiums for each year are given as: (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) l Subscript 11 = (enter your response here)% l Subscript 21 = (enter your response here)% l Subscript 31 = (enter your response here)% l Subscript 41 = (enter your response here)% l Subscript 51 = (enter your response here)%Suppose you observe that short-term interest rates are higher than long-term interest rates. a. What expectations must people have regarding future interest rates? b. Why might the above relationship signal a recession? Why might it not? c. What will the yield curve for this problem look like? Q4 Why is the fact that stock prices follow a random walk a signal of stock market efficiency? What would have to be true if stock prices did not follow a random walk?
- The demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, and two years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of £)as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantity demanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond as the interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate? d) Suppose that the bond trades at premium. Is there excess demand or supply? Explain. e) There is a business cycle contraction, so both supply and demand shifts. After the shift, the new demand curve is given by: D = 4000 + X − 2P , whereas the new supply curve is S = 2P + 200. For which values of X will the interest increase/decrease? Which values of X are in line with empirical data? Please show all the steps and equations used to get to the answers.The demand D (in billions of £) for a bond with coupon rate 5% and face value FV = 1000, and two years to maturity as a function of its price P is D = 4000 − 2P. The supply in (billions of £)as a function of the price of the bond is S = 2P + 400. b) Suppose that the yield to maturity of the bond is i = 0.05. What is the quantity demanded/supplied at this interest rate? What happens to the demand/supply of the bond as the interest rate increases? Explain why. c) What is the equilibrium interest rate? d) Suppose that the bond trades at premium. Is there excess demand or supply? Explain. e) There is a business cycle contraction, so both supply and demand shifts. After the shift, the new demand curve is given by: D = 4000 + X − 2P , whereas the new supply curve is S = 2P + 200. For which values of X will the interest increase/decrease? Which values of X are in line with empirical data?A large money center bank uses the US treasury yield curve to determine the appropriate level for its lending rates. To compensate for the costs of making a loan, the bank needs to charge 1.8% point more than the expected future interest rate on a Treasury security with the same maturity if it is to make a profit. The manager is considering a loan request from a customer seeking a one year loan that starts 2 years from today. If the two-year Treasury Strip rate is 4.1% and the three-year Treasury strip rate is 5.5%, at what minimum rate should the manager be willing to make the loan commitment?Enter your answer as a % to two decimal places. Assume the expectation theory of rates is valid and all liquidity premiums are zero.
- 1. f the current interest rate on a 1-year bond is 2.80% while market participants expect a 1-year interest rate of 1.30% next year, then the expectations theory predicts that the interest rate on a 2-year bond will be ___ %: 2. If the current 1-year interest rate is 3% and the current interest rate on a 2-year bond is 4%, what is the expected 1-year rate starting a year from today? 3. You observe that currently, a 1-year bond has an interest rate of 3.00% while a 2-year bond has an interest rate of 3.00%. This means that, according to the expectations theory (no liquidity premium), market participants expect the 1-year interest rate in one year from now to be ___%:7. Determinants of market interest rates Some characteristics of the determinants of nominal interest rates are listed as follows. Identify the components (determinants) and the symbols associated with each characteristic: Characteristic Component Symbol This is the premium that reflects the risk associated with changes in interest rates for a long-term security. It changes over time, depending on the expected rate of return on productive assets exchanged among market participants and people’s time preferences for consumption. This premium is added when a security lacks marketability, because it cannot be bought and sold quickly without losing value. It is calculated by adding the inflation premium to r*. Over the past several years, Germany, Japan, and Switzerland have had lower interest rates than the United States due to lower values of this premium. It is based on the bond’s rating; the higher the…Suppose that, holding yield constant, investors are indifferent as to whether they hold bonds issued by the federal govemment or bonds issued by state and local governments (that is, they consider the bonds the same with respect to default risk, information costs, and liquidity) Suppose that state governments have issued perpetuities (or consoles) with $78 coupons and that the federal govemment has also issued perpetuities with $78 coupons. If the state and federal perpetuites both have after-tax yields of 8%, what are their pre-tax yields? (Assume that the relevant federal income tax rate is 31.13%) * The pre-tax yield on the state perpetuity will be______________% * The pre-tax yield on the federal perpetuity will be_______________%