6) Summarize the key difference in the invasion of cells by: а. HIV b. Adenovirus c. Anthrax d. SARS-CoV-2 e. MERS

Q: When a person develops Paget disease, for unknown reasons thecollagen fibers in the bone matrix run ...

A: Sign of  Paget's disease:  Bone pain, joint pain, especially in the back, hips and knees, and headac...

Q: Describe the erector spinae, and briefly discuss their function.

A: The human body is made up of three different types of muscle; among these, the skeletal muscles rema...

Q: If you were to cut through epithelial tissue without penetrating the basement membrane, would you ex...

A: The skin refers to the largest organ that covers the body surface. It comprises the epidermis, dermi...

Q: In general, explain how epigenetic modifications are an important mechanism for developmental change...

A: Phenotypic changes  that are influenced by environmental factors instead of genetic changes are know...

Q: Define hyperthyroidism and explain why one of its symptoms is weight loss.

A: Thyroid gland is located as a pair in front of the neck. It has a butterfly shape. Hormones for pitu...

Q: "question mark at the end"

A: Brain is the central processing unit in humans and all other higher animals. Brain is made of neuron...

Q: Which of these are shortened during a muscle twitch? O Actin O I band O Z-disc Myosin

A: The muscle fiber is made of thin filaments which are actin and thick filaments which are myosin. I b...

Q: Russell is 72 years old and is still working part-time as a professor. He has noticed some arm and h...

A: Parkinson's disease is a long-term, progressive degenerative disorder of the brain, affecting our bo...

Q: What is the chloride shift, and what does it accomplish?

A: Oxygen from inspired air diffuses into the blood at the alveoli surface in the lungs. The blood is r...

Q: 5- Label the veins of the upper limb and shoulder Subclavian vein Ulnar vein Brachiocephalic vein Ra...

A: Blood vessels are the tube-like structures present all over the body. They carry blood from the hear...

Q: List and describe the basic components of blood.

A: The blood is composed of the extracellular fluid called the plasma and formed elements. There are th...

Q: Cushing’s syndrome:   both may be iatrogenic and result in hypercortisolemia            result ...

A: Cushing's syndrome is caused by continuous excess cortisol level in the body. Cortisol is a hormone ...

Q: Define efferent

A: The conduction away from something or outwards is known as efferent. The efferent neurons carry neur...

Q: The transmission of sound vibrations through the internal ear occurs chiefly through (a) nerve fiber...

A: Sense organs are organs of the body through which humans can smell, see, taste, hear, and feel or to...

Q: Discuss age-related changes to blood vessels.

A: Blood vessels are the channels through which blood reaches all parts of the body. There are three ty...

Q: Define auditory cortex

A: In anatomy, the term ‘auditory cortex’ is used to describe the sensory region of the brain that is c...

Q: When antibodies are created against a person’s own (“self”) antigens immunocompetence may result   ...

A: There are two kinds of immunity namely humoral immunity which is mediated by the B cells and cell-me...

Q: Explain the relationship between the swollen feet and ankles in an obese, sedentary patient and her ...

A: The weight of the body is essential for the proper circulation of blood in the body. The body mass i...

Q: Why is it easier to target a single mutant versus multiple mutants in the virus?

A: A virus is an infection-causing microbial agent that replicates inside a living cell of an organism....

Q: Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/ear1) to learn more about how the structures of the e...

A: The human body consists of a pair of special sensory organs called the ear which receives and interc...

Q: Describe the characteristics of specificity, competition,and saturation of transport proteins.

A: The plasma membrane is majorly composed of the phospholipid bilayer and the embedded proteins. Phosp...

Q: Describe the changes in the cell that take place during: a. prophase. b. metaphase. c. anaphase. d. ...

A: Mitosis division produces a pair of daughter cells that are genetically identical. It takes place in...

Q: 1. Dopamine is a excitatory neurotransmitter. When dopamine binds to its receptor, it depolarizes ne...

A: The neurons are specialized cells of the human nervous system. The neurons of the nervous system com...

Q: what is a designer drug?

A: A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been designe...

Q: Describe the organization and function of the layers of thedermis

A: The Dermis is referred to as the layer of the skin that is present below the epidermis. It is the th...

Q: Describe how the plaques found in Alzheimer’s disease disrupt nerve impulses.

A: Alzheimer’s disease is a long-term, neurodegenerative medical condition characterized by the degener...

Q: Describe the mechanism and feedback system involved in the control of renin release. Don't copy pas...

A: Kidneys are vital organs responsible for blood filtration which forms the part of the human renal sy...

Q: Name the five major nerves that emerge from the brachialplexus. List the muscles they innervate and ...

A: The five major nerves that emerge from the brachial plexus are the axillary nerve, ulnar nerve, radi...

Q: The bundle of dense regular connective tissue that attaches askeletal muscle to bone is called a(n)a...

A: A single muscle is composed of hundreds and thousands of muscle cells that are often referred to as ...

Q: Describe the process of spermatogenesis

A: The male gamete - sperm is a reduced cytoplasm haploid cell. Sperm have two very important regions e...

Q: What is the benefit of having digestive enzymes isolated to lysosomes as opposed to free in the cyto...

A: Eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Organelles are compart...

Q: What chamber walls primarily form the anterior side of the heart?

A: The heart is located between the lungs in the middle of the chest and slightly towards the left of t...

Q: Q4) State the three mechanisms by which middle ear amplifies the sound? 1... 2-. 3..

A: The process of hearing starts with the outer or external ear. When a sound is made outside the outer...

Q: Describe the electrical event in the heart that occurs during each of the following: (a) the QRS wav...

A: An ECG / Electrocardiogram is a diagnostic test which basically records the electrical signal of the...

Q: The epidermis on the soles of the feet is composed of layers of __________tissue.

A: The skin is the largest organ of the body and is a part of the integumentary system. It serves as th...

Q: List three beneficial effects of exercise in a weight-loss program.

A: The weight loss principally depends on the amount of exercise done and the diet taken by an individu...

Q: Which are the major sex hormones?

A: The body synthesizes and secretes several hormones; out of these, some are specific for the developm...

Q: Explain what an autonomic nerve plexus is and list themajor autonomic nerve plexuses in the body.

A: A nerve plexus refers to the branched network of intersecting neurons that is made up of both affere...

Q: Observation shows that most cells are suspended ininterphase for most of their lives. Identify the p...

A: Cell cycle is a cyclic occurrences of events where cell prepares itself to divide, duplicate's its g...

Q: Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasi...

A: Cancer  Cancer is defined as uncontrolled and undifferentiated growth of a normal cell. Cancer shows...

Q: Explain Graphic illustration of the position of a cardiac pacemaker?

A: The transportation of blood in the body is the function of the human circulatory system, also called...

Q: Region free of RBCS may occur in arteries:

A: RBCs or red blood cells are the blood cells that deliver oxygen to the different body tissues and ce...

Q: Define agglutinogen

A:  Any of the antigens that are present on the outer surface of red blood cells (erythrocytes) is call...

Q: WHat is premenstrual tension?

A: Most women experience specific signals in their menstrual cycle known as premenstrual symptoms and k...

Q: What are tissues composed of in addition to cells?

A: Tissues are a groups of  similar cells with same embryonic origin and carry out a specific function....

Q: Define tissue repair. Differentiate between repair byregeneration and repair by replacement.

A: Cells having similar structures group together forming tissues, to perform certain functions in the ...

Q: Name the two kinds of dense regular connective tissue,and give an example of each. Do the same for d...

A: Dense connective tissue has a comparatively big amount of protein fibers, forming dense bundles and ...

Q: Which of these is NOT a function of endocrine systems? O Muscle movement O Glucose regulation O Acid...

A: The endocrine system is composed of a collection of endocrine glands that secrete hormones. Hormones...

Q: Water though Urinary System Trace the path of the water molecule as it moves from this starting poin...

A: Excretory system is the elimination of metabolic waste products of amino acids and nucleic acid whic...

Q: Provide a clinical case of electrocardiogram graphs for the following heart abnormalities. a,ventric...

A: Electrocardiography is the way toward creating an electrocardiogram. It is a diagram of voltage vers...