6. [15] The diffusion coefficient of sucrose molecule in water is 5.22×10-¹0 m² s¹ at 25°C. How long does it take for a sucrose molecule to diffuse a) 1 mm, b) 1 cm, c) 1 m from its starting point in a sample of unstirred water? What is the flux of the sucrose molecules down a concentration gradient of 0.1 mol L-¹ m 12
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- Estimate whether theentropy of the system increases or decreases during eachprocess: (a) photodissociation of O2(g), (b) formation ofozone from oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms, (c) diffusionof CFCs into the stratosphere, (d) desalination ofwater by reverse osmosis.Nagyung wanted to determine the heat of dissolution for potassium chlorate (KClO3, MW: 122.55 g/mol) in water. He measured 10 grams of KClO3 and dissolved it in a calorimeter containing 250 g of water. The temperature drop was 3.5 K. What is qH2O? WHat is qrxn? WhaT IS THE change of dissolution of reaction? is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?The osmotic pressure of a solution of polystyrene in toluene (methylbenzene) was measured at 25 °C with the following results: c/(g dm− 3) 2.042 6.613 9.521 12.602 P/Pa 58.3 188.2 270.8 354.6 Determine the molar mass of the polymer. Molar Mass = __________ kg/mol.
- Suppose the concentration of a solute varies along the length of a container according to c(x) = c0 - βc0x2, where c0 is the concentration at x = 0. Calculate the thermodynamic force on the solute at 25 °C and x = 8 cm and 16 cm given that the concentration falls to 1/2c0 when x = 15 cm. Hint: Start by finding the value of β.A layer of 20.0 g of sucrose is spread uniformly over a surface of area 5.0 cm2 and covered in water. What will be the molar concentration of sucrose molecules at 10 cm above the original layer after (i) 10 s, (ii) 24 h? Assume diffusion is the only transport process, take D = 5.216 × 10−9 m2 s−1, and assume that the layer of water in infinitely deep.There is a system in which solid colloids (density = 2.5 g/cm^3) with a particle diameter of 300 nm are dispersed in water. In this system, what is the main role of colloidal particles, sedimentation or diffusion?
- Nagyung wanted to determine the heat of dissolution for potassium chlorate (KClO3, MW: 122.55 g/mol) in water. He measured 10 grams of KClO3 and dissolved it in a calorimeter containing 250 g of water. The temperature drop was 3.5 K. What is qH2O?A student using a calibrated solution calorimeter measured a temperature decrease of 1.10 K when 1.00 g of KNO3 was added to 74.40 g of deionized water in the calorimeter. The specific heat capacity of the solution calorimeter was found to be 4.15 J/gK. Calculate the experimental value of the molar heat of solution of KNO3, ΔH soln. Was the dissolution of this salt exothermic or endothermic?Calculate the osmolarity in mOsm/L of 500 mL of a solution containing 5% w/v dextrose, 0.78% w/v sodium chloride, and 27mEq of potassium acetate. dextrose: MW 180, # particles on dissociation 1 sodium chloride: MW 58.5, # particles on dissociation 2, valence 1 potassium acetate: MW 98, # particles on dissociation 2, valence 1
- Glucose from molasses is fermented to alcohol using S. cerevisiae where 500 ml of CO2 (at standard temperature and pressure) is produced. If the volume of the fermentation medium is 500 ml, what is the concentration of ethanol in g/ml?Why the oscillating plots in the CO2 isotherm at temperature below Tc are considered to violate Boyle’s law?A student determines the molar mass of a liquid unknown by the method used in this experiment. She found that the equilibrum temperature of a mixture of ice and water was 1.0 degrees C on her thermometer. When she added 11.1 g of her unknown sample to the mixture, the temperature, after thorough stirring, fell to -3.0 degrees C. She then poured off the solution through a screen into a beaker. The mass of the solution was 90.4 g. Kf=1.86 degrees C/m How much water was in the decanted solution? What did she find to be the molar mass of the unknown liquid, assuming she made the calculation properly?