6. Draw the chair conformation of the following: a) B-D - galactopyranose b) B-D – mannopyranose 7. What is the full name of the monosaccharide shown below? Draw its open-chain form in Fischer projection. 8. Draw the product when B-D - ribofuranose reacts with the following (write the complete reaction): a) methyl iodide in silver oxide catalyst 9. Will the reduction using NaBH4 of the following monosaccharide give an optically active or inactive compound? Explain why and draw or write your solution. a) D-glucose 10. Why does reduction of L-gulose using NABH4 give the same product as reduction of D- glucose? Explain why and draw or write your solution. 11. Which of the following monosaccharide will give an optically active and optically inactive product with nitric acid? Explain why and draw or write your solution. a) D-glucose 12. Draw the product(s) from Killiani-Fischer reaction of D-ribose and L-Xylose. b) acetic anhydride in pyridine b) D-galactose b) D-allose
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that are obtained in foods and living matters in the shape of sugars, cellulose, and starch. The general formula of carbohydrates is Cn(H2O)2. The ratio of H and O present in carbohydrates is identical to water.
Starch
Starch is a polysaccharide carbohydrate that belongs to the category of polysaccharide carbohydrates.
Mutarotation
The rotation of a particular structure of the chiral compound because of the epimerization is called mutarotation. It is the repercussion of the ring chain tautomerism. In terms of glucose, this can be defined as the modification in the equilibrium of the α- and β- glucose anomers upon its dissolution in the solvent water. This process is usually seen in the chemistry of carbohydrates.
L Sugar
A chemical compound that is represented with a molecular formula C6H12O6 is called L-(-) sugar. At the carbon’s 5th position, the hydroxyl group is placed to the compound’s left and therefore the sugar is represented as L(-)-sugar. It is capable of rotating the polarized light’s plane in the direction anticlockwise. L isomers are one of the 2 isomers formed by the configurational stereochemistry of the carbohydrates.
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