6. How many NADH and FADH2 are produced per round of ß-oxidation of a fülly fatty acid (e.g., stearic acid)? How about if that fatty acid contains some unsaturated double bonds (e.g., oleic acid).

Q: 9. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes a reaction that introduces reduced nitrogen ito cellular…

A: Nitrogen metabolism is an important process in bacteria through which nitrogen is assimilated into…

Q: 1. What are the three kinds of enzyme-controlled reactions so that the chemical-bond energy from a…

A: Note: Since we answer up to 3 subparts, we will answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…

Q: 4. Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is INCORRECT? A. It is a cyclic…

A: Metabolic pathways are a series of process which includes chemical reactions occurring in a cell.…

Q: What is the role of decarboxylation in fatty acid synthesis? Describe another process discussed in…

A: Fatty acids are the body's fat-building blocks. Acetyl-CoA is used to make fatty acids. Fatty acid…

Q: Compare the β-oxidation of fatty acid with that of the fatty acid synthesis.

A: Fatty acids are the long hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group making the molecule…

Q: Under anaerobic conditions where does the NAD⁺ necessary for the complete oxidation of glucose come…

A: Glucose is metabolized by Glycolysis, which results in the formation of Pyruvate as the end product.…

Q: 1. Why do compound such as cyanide act as poisons when they disrupt the electron transport chain?

A: The election transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that complexes that couple redox…

Q: 4. Explain, giving examples, what is meant by the statement that the citric acid cycle is…

A: The citric acid cycle is also known as tricarboxylic (TCA) acid or Kreb cyclic, which results in the…

Q: 1. Why are anabolic reactions that require energy always linked with the hydrolysis of a high energy…

A: Anabolic reactions require energy whereas catabolic reactions release energy.

Q: 7. Which of the following vitamin is required for glycogen. phosphorylase? a. Pyridoxal phosphate b.…

A: Glycogen phosphorylase  is an enzyme which catalyzes the rate limiting step in glycogenolysis…

Q: main features on citric acid cycle

A: Tricarboxylic acid cycle is named for Hans Adolf Krebs, a German scientist. The primary role of TCA…

Q: 6. Why would the lack of lactase cause Carol so much distress? Where would the undigested lactose…

A: Lactose is the principle carbohydrate present in milk and consists of two sugars, glucose and…

Q: 3. What are the enzymes involved in an irreversible reaction? How are these enzymes being activated?…

A: Glycolysis is also known as the Embden Meyerhof pathway and it is highly conserved from humans…

Q: 5. How many deuterium atoms (?H) are incorporated into acetyl-CoA if a molecule of palmitic acid…

A: The oxidation of fatty acids takes place inside the mitochondrial matrix. The process is known as…

Q: What is the number of ATP molecules that will be produced from the beta oxidation of a 22 carbon…

A: A fatty acid molecule is a long chain carboxylic acid. A saturated fatty acid is one that lacks…

Q: 8. a) Why do thermogenin and 2,4-DNP are called uncouplers? b) Why do they produce heat? c) Why does…

A: Uncoupling agents uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation. Uncouplers allow the oxidation of NADH…

Q: 4. Enzymatic activity can be regulated by: (I) The molecular weight of enzyme molecule. (II)…

A: Enzymes are proteinaceous molecules that increase the rate of any biochemical reaction by decreasing…

Q: 3.How does lactate can enter the Krebs cycle? 4.What are the 2 possible effects of enzyme loss of…

A: Lactic acid is produced mostly by muscle and red blood cells. When the body's oxygen levels are low,…

Q: How does the location of ATP synthase differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Where do protons…

A: ATP synthase is considered a protein molecule that plays a significant role in catalyzing the…

Q: 5. What is CoA, and what is its reactive end group? Explain why the hydrolysis of thioesters is very…

A: CoA is an important component of the major biochemical processes of life. CoA stands for Coenzyme A,…

Q: 4. How does compromised pyruvate kinase activity lead to anemia ?

A: Anemia is a disorder in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells to transport…

Q: 2. Which of the following compounds is an intermediate between Pyruvic Acid and Propionic Acid? to.…

A: Note: Since you have posted multiple independent questions in the same request, we will solve the…

Q: 5. What molecules are missing from boxes in the gluconeogenesis reaction shown below 203PO- OPO,2…

A: Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors. Gluconeogenesis is a…

Q: The citric acid cycle is a cyclic metabolic pathway that involves eight steps. b. Four molecules…

A: The Krebs cycle, discovered by Hans Krebs, is a metabolic pathway that is a part of cellular…

Q: Why is the TCA cycle the central pathway of metabolism of the cell? Explain TCA cycle in your own…

A: The Kreb's cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the citric acid cycle refers to a cycle of…

Q: 4. How are fatty acids catabolised to CO2? Write down all the four steps of beta oxidation providing…

A: Fatty acids are catabolized by the beta oxidation. Beta oxidation is the sequential removal of two…

Q: 6. The co-enzyme S-CoA is used twice during this cycle. Why is this co- enzyme useful, and what is…

A: Krebs or citric acid cycle is the main source of energy for cells and an important part of aerobic…

Q: 4. What is the redox number of the starting compound? How many redox reactions occur during pyruvate…

A: Redox number Pyruvate is the starting compound with redox number 2. Redox reactions Five redox…

Q: 10. Which of the following processes involve release of carbon dioxide? (1) B-oxidation (2) Citric…

A: Metabolism refers to all chemical reactions that take place within living organisms. Catabolism…

Q: 8. Which of these is not an example for stereo specificity? a) L-lactate dehydrogenase will act only…

A: Many enzymes can discriminate between enantiomeric substrates and such enzymes exhibit…

Q: 2. Which of the following is false about allosteric feedback inhibition? a) Bacterial enzyme system…

A: Feedback inhibition is a biological regulatory mechanism in which the final product of an enzyme…

Q: 2) Write the reaction for transfer of the N from the amino acid aspartate to the a-ketoacid…

A: Aspartate and alpha ketoglutarate converts to oxaloacetate and Glutamate. Aspartate transaminase…

Q: 7. Which of the following sugars of glycolysis is split into dihydroxyacetone before being converted…

A: The process of splitting up of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid is called glycolysis.

Q: Why is the TCA cycle the central pathway of metabolism of the cell? Explain TCA cycle in your own…

A: The TCA cycle or citric acid cycle is a series of chemical reactions which is used by all organisms…

Q: Another common end product, pyruvic acid. Into which metabolic pathway will the body use pyruvic…

A: Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway that is required for the break down glucose into two…

Q: What is the difference between calorie, ATP and GTP? How is GTP converted to ATP? Also explain the…

A: ATP is the source of energy in the body. ATP is made up of one adenosine bonded with three phosphate…

Q: 6. The synthesis of fatty acids depends on the sequential transfer of three carbon malonyl-groups…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 4. If lots of acetyl-CoA is being formed in the mitochondrial matrix, a particular compound will be…

A: Thank you for the question  a.What compound is this? Answer := The compound produced is Citrate…

Q: How much energy, in the form of ATP, is obtained from b-oxidation of 1 mol of linoleic acid?

A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 1. What is the effect of increasing the concentration of lactose in the action of the enzyme…

A: "Since you have posted multiple question, we will answer the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: 4. Explain how primary gout can result from the following enzymes: a) PRPP synthetase b) PRPP…

A: Gout: a. It is a hereditary and metabolic disease resulting from defective uric acid metabolism. b.…

Q: What are the different components of the electron transport chain, where are they situated in cells?…

A: Components of the electron transport chain are situated in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and…

Q: protein metabolism.

A: A chemical process of breaking down the proteins and synthesizing new molecules for further bodily…

Q: 1. What are the numbers of carbon atoms derived from the first acctyl-CoA that binds to fatty acid…

A: Fatty acid synthase complex bind to Acetyl-CoA and other substrate and combine the C-atom backbone…

Q: 2. Why are some enzymes needed only in the gluconeogenesis pathway and not in the glycolysis…

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first question for you. If you…

Q: 2. How many ATP, NADH and FADH2 are produced by one molecule of glucose proceeding through the…

A: The TCA cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle.

Q: How is acetyl coA carboxylase being regulated?

A: Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) is a metabolic intermediate that participates in various metabolic…

Q: 3. Explain, in a few sentences, how a cell would make a 16-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid.…

A: There are two questions in the figure and it isn't specified which one has to be answered so, I…

Q: 1. Why do fats provide more energy per molecule than glucose? Explain your answer in terms of the…

A: Like proteins and carbohydrates, the fat is also considered as the micronutrients. The fat consists…

Nucleotides

It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). 

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.