6. Sheila and Bruce are having a tea party. Sheila is bringing 12 ounces of tea (x) and 15 finger sandwiches (y). Bruce is bringing 12 ounces of tea and 12 finger sandwiches. Sheila's and Bruce's preferences over tea and sandwiches can be represented by the utility functions: US(x,y) = 6l x5 + 17 ys and UB(x,y) = ln x³ + ln y a) What is Sheila's MRS at her endowment? What is Bruce's MRS at his endowment? Is the endowment point Pareto efficient? Illustrate in an Edgeworth box diagram the endowment point and a pair of indifference curves through the endowment point.
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- 2. Alex and Bill share a flat. Alex enjoys reading in silence, while Bill enjoys listening to loud music. Bill controls his music system, which can produce noise levels up to 100 Decibels. Bill has no cash but Alex has £100. Their utility functions are given by: UA = 10(100 – D)i + (100 – M), %3D Ug = 10(D)i + M, where D denotes the Decibel level chosen by Bill, and M denotes any cash given to Bill by Alex. (a) Explain how Bill's music level affects Alex. Find the contract curve between Alex and Bill. Why is there a unique Pareto efficient noise level? (b) What is the maximum amount Alex would be willing to pay Bill to turn down the music to the Pareto efficient level? What is the minimum amount Bill would be willing to accept in order to turn down the music to the Pareto efficient level? Can the Pareto efficient noise level be achieved through private bargaining?2. Two players have to divide a perfectly divisible cake of size 2. Half of the cake is made of chocolate, while the other half is made of marzipan. If a piece of cake contains a units of chocolate cake and y units of marzipan, player 1 gets utility U(x, y) = x + y, from this piece, while player 2 gets utility V(x, y) = 2x+y, from this piece. That is, player 1 cares only about the total size of the piece, while player 2 is values chocolate twice as much as marzipan. The players use the divide-and-choose protocol one player divides the cake into two, and the other chooses one of the two pieces. More precisely, the divider splits the cake into two pieces (x, y) and (1-x,1- y) (where 0≤x≤ 1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. The chooser may choose either the piece (x, y) or the piece (1-2, 1-y). a) Use backwards induction to prove (or argue for) the the following claim: "In any subgame perfect equilibrium, the chooser is indifferent between the two pieces." Solve by backwards induction, for the subgame…4. Two individuals, Amir and Budi, consume two goods, clothes (X) and shoes (Y). The utility functions for the two individuals are given as: Utility function of Amir, UA = 15X0.25Y0.75Utility function of Budi, UB = 25X0.5Y0.5 The current price for clothes (Px) is Rp 100,000 and the current price for shoes (PY) is Rp 150,000 a. Determine marginal rate of substitution (MRSXY)between clothes (X) and shoes (Y) for Amir and Budi! Please explain. b. Amir is currently consuming 5 units of clothes (X) and 10 units of shoes (Y), whereas Budi is consuming 12 units of clothes (X) and 8 units of shoes (Y). At this current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached the efficient allocation of clothes and shoes? If they have, explain why. If they have not, calculate the optimal allocation and explain. c. Considering the relative price between of clothes and shoes, at the current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached exchange equilibrium? Please explain d. Use the Edgeworth Box to illustrate the…
- 4. Two individuals, Amir and Budi, consume two goods, clothes (X) and shoes (Y). The utility functions for the two individuals are given as: Utility function of Amir, UA = 15X0.25Y0.75Utility function of Budi, UB = 25X0.5Y0.5 The current price for clothes (Px) is Rp 100,000 and the current price for shoes (PY) is Rp 150,000 b. Amir is currently consuming 5 units of clothes (X) and 10 units of shoes (Y), whereas Budi is consuming 12 units of clothes (X) and 8 units of shoes (Y). At this current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached the efficient allocation of clothes and shoes? If they have, explain why. If they have not, calculate the optimal allocation and explain.4. Two individuals, Amir and Budi, consume two goods, clothes (X) and shoes (Y). The utility functions for the two individuals are given as: Utility function of Amir, UA = 15X0.25Y0.75Utility function of Budi, UB = 25X0.5Y0.5 The current price for clothes (Px) is Rp 100,000 and the current price for shoes (PY) is Rp 150,000 a. Determine marginal rate of substitution (MRSXY)between clothes (X) and shoes (Y) for Amir and Budi! Please explain. b. Amir is currently consuming 5 units of clothes (X) and 10 units of shoes (Y), whereas Budi is consuming 12 units of clothes (X) and 8 units of shoes (Y). At this current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached the efficient allocation of clothes and shoes? If they have, explain why. If they have not, calculate the optimal allocation and explain. c. Considering the relative price between of clothes and shoes, at the current consumption, have Amir and Budi reached exchange equilibrium? Please explain d. Use the Edgeworth Box to illustrate the…Mats, who has reference-dependent preferences over beer and money, goes to the local pub with a friend, but is not planning on drinking any beer or spending any of his 50 Euro in cash. Let his end-of-evening outcomes in pints of beer consumed and cash be c1 and c2, respectively, and let his reference point in pints of beer and cash be r1 and r2, respectively. Then, Mats’ utility is given by v(6c1 − 6r1) + v(c2 − r2), where v(x) = x for x ≥ 0, and v(x) = 1.5x for x < 0. 1) Now suppose that after Mats gets his promo pint but before he decides whether to sell it, he notices that he lost 10 Euro on the way to the pub. He does not yet incorporate this 10 Euro loss into his reference point for cash. Calculate his selling price for the pint of beer. 2) Suppose that the pub advertises that it will have a 1 Euro/pint promotion. Thinking that this is worth it, Mats plans in advance to buy a pint, and incorporates this plan into his reference point. What is Mats’ reference point (r1, r2) in…
- Linda loves buying shoes and going out to dance. 20 Her utility function for pairs of shoes, S, and the number of times she goes dancing per month, T, is: 18- 16- U(S, T) = 2ST 14- It costs Linda $75 to buy a new pair of shoes or to spend an evening out dancing. Assume that she has $750 to spend on shoes and dancing. E 12- 1.) Use the line drawing tool to draw Linda's budget line. Properly label this line. 10- 2.) Use the point drawing tool to locate Linda's optimal consumption bundle. Label this point 'R'. 8- 6- Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required objects. 4- What is Linda's marginal rate of substitution? -. (Enter your response as an 2- integer. Note that the minus sign is already included.) 0- 12 10 Shoes (S) 14 16 18 20 React tv MacBook Air 80 DII F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 @ 23 2$ & 1 3 4 7 8 Q W E T Y { A S F H. J K C V M. く tion command command option ピ ーの Dancing (T) コ B. レMats, who has reference-dependent preferences over beer and money, goes to the local pub with a friend, but is not planning on drinking any beer or spending any of his 50 Euro in cash. Let his end-of-evening outcomes in pints of beer consumed and cash be c1 and c2, respectively, and let his reference point in pints of beer and cash be r1 and r2, respectively. Then, Mats’ utility is given by v(6c1 − 6r1) + v(c2 − r2), where v(x) = x for x ≥ 0, and v(x) = 1.5x for x < 0. (a) Suppose that the price of beer is pB. Calculate Mats’ utility from drinking one pint of beer at this price. What is Mats’ utility from drinking no beer? And, comparing these two utility values, what is the maximum price pB that Mats would pay for one beer? (b) Suppose that Mats unexpectedly gets a pint of beer as part of a promotion at the pub, and incorporates its consumption into his reference point in beer. [Hint: this means that (r1, r2) = (1, 50).] Suppose that Mats could sell the beer at a price pS.…As a consumer you have RM34 per month to spend for snack i.e. either pizzas which costs RM6 each or chicken burger which cost RM4 each. Suppose further that your preference is given by the following Total Utility Table Quantity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pizza 60 108 138 156 162 166 166 Chicken Burger 44 76 100 120 136 148 152 First, graph the budget constraint with Pizzas on the horizontal axis and Chicken burger on the vertical axis. What are the intercepts at horizontal axis and vertical axis. Using the table, please show the Marginal Utility of Pizzas and Chicken Burger for every quantity demand. Using the utility maximizing rule to identify the consumer equilibrium, that is, combination of pizzas and chicken burger that will maximize your Total Utility. Confirm that the consumer equilibrium generates the highest combined total utility of any affordable combination of goods.
- Problem 3: Vlad's orchids Vlad loves vases with orchids. More precisely, he loves vases with three orchids in each. When his vases have less than three orchids each, every time he receives an orchid his utility goes up by 1, while it does not change if he receives a vase. When his vases have more than three orchids each, every time he receives a vase his utility goes up by 3,¹ while it does not change if he receives an orchid. a) Draw the indifference curves of Vlad (2 are enough) b) Write Vlad's utility function. c) Suppose now that Vlad has a fixed budget for vases and orchids and that a tax on orchids is imposed. Will Vlad buy more vases, less vases, or the same as before?1. Alizeh and Kelly were traveling together and have gotten stranded at an airport overnight. They have no cash, but they did both think to bring granola bars and turkey sandwiches with them. They currently each have several granola bars and a few sandwiches. Alizeh announces that she'd be willing to give up a granola bar for one turkey sandwich. Kelly responds that turkey sandwiches are bigger than granola bars so she would be willing to give up a granola bar if she could get half a turkey sandwich. Is Kelly and Alizeh's current allocation of granola bars and turkey sandwiches efficient? Explain why or why not. (Note that you cannot rely on a rule here – you have to specifically explain why the allocation does or does not meet the definition of an efficient allocation.)Suppose that Bartolo and Emilio spend their incomes on two goods, food (F) and clothing (C). Bartolo's preferences are represented by the utility function: 16 15- U(F,C) 10FC 14- 13 while Emilio's preferences are represented by the utility function: U(F,C) 0.20F2C2 12 11 . 10- With food on the horizontal axis and clothing on the vertical axis, identify on a graph the set of points that give Bartolo the same level of utility as bundle (10,5). Do the same for Emilio. Then, identify the set of bundles that give Bartolo and Emilio the same level of utility as bundle (15,8) 8- 1.) Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, graph an indifference curve for Bartolo that includes bundle (10,5) and that also contains bundles with 4 and 5 units of food. Label the curve U 6- 2.) Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, do the same for Emilio including bundle (10,5) and bundles with 4 and 5 units of food. Label the curve U1 3.) Using the three-point curved line drawing tool, graph an…