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- The refrigerant fluid(Freon 12 or R12) flowing through the pipe with a pressure of 1 MPa and a temperature of 80oC is cooled to 1MPa pressure and 30oC with the air passed through the pipes in a condenser. The air at a flow rate of 800 m3/min enters the condenser at 100 kPa pressure and 27oC temperature and exits at 95 kPa pressure and 60oC temperature. Calculate the mass flow of refrigerant.8.3 A four-effect evaporator is being considered for concentratinga fruit juice that has no appreciable boiling-point elevation.Steam is available at 143.27 kPa, and the boiling point ofthe product in the fourth effect is 45°C. The overall heat-transfer coeffi cients are 3000 W/(m 2 °C) in the fi rst effect,2500W/(m2 °C) in the second effect, 2100W/(m2°C) in thethird effect, and 1800W/(m2°C) in the fourth effect. Calculatethe boiling-point temperatures of the product in the fi rst,second, and third effects. Assume the heating areas in all theeffects are equal to 50m2 each. The mass fl ow rate of steam tothe fi rst effect is 2400kg/h, the feed rate to the fi rst effect of 5%total solids fl uid is 15,000kg/h, the concentrated product fromthe fi rst effect leaves at 6.25% total solids, and the concentrationof product leaving the second effect is 8.82% total solids. Make it in the form of a spreadsheet for solving the example problem no. 8.2 and 8.3A direct contact condenser of the spry type receives 60 kg/s of 925 quality steam at 0.06bar. A dry cooling tower system cools the feedwater to 15 oC. calculate the condensatepump volume flow rate , and the pump power input if the pressure losses in the dry coolingtower system are 2 bar and the pump efficiency is 0.7.
- An R134a compressor with a bore of 10 cm and stroke of 10 cm runs at 750 rpm . The clearance volume ratio is 0.04 . It runs between the evaporator and condenser temperatures of -6 ° C and 40 ° C respectively . The isentropic index of compression is 1.35 . ( a ) Determine the mass flow rate , refrigeration capacity , and work requirement . Compare the results of the isentropic work with that determined via superheat table .A straight-condensing 10,500 kW turbine has a guaranteed steam rate of 6 kg/kW.hr when exhausting at 5.0 kPa. Exhaust steam enters the condenser at 90% quality, and it is estimated that fouling will decrease the overall coefficient by 30% during operation. Cooling water is available at 20 ℃, and for design purposes, 1 ½ in OD 17 BWG Brass tubes (thickness = 0.070 in, k=65 BTU/hrftF°.) are specified with 12 C° rise in cooling water, which circulates at 6 ft/s. Inside and outside film coefficients are hi=970 and ho=1478 BTU/hrft2F°. Design a condenser for this turbine, considering tube and boundary resistance as flat surfaces and neglecting any crossflow factor. Determine: a) Effective overall coefficient of heat transfer b) Volume flow rate of cooling waterA vapour compression refrigeration plant, which uses refrigerant-134aoperates at an evaporator pressure of 240 kPa and a condenser pressureof 1.2 MPa. The refrigerant leaves the evaporator at 0oC and exits thecondenser at 40oC. The two-stage compression is isentropic. Therefrigerant that leaves the condenser is throttled to a flash chamber with asaturation temperature of 15.71oC. Saturated vapour is extracted from theflash chamber and mixes with the refrigerant that leaves the low-pressurecompressor, before entering the high-pressure compressor. Saturatedliquid from the flash chamber is throttled to the evaporator. If therefrigeration load is 500 kW, determine the: a) mass flow rate of refrigerant through the condenser (kg/s),b) mass flow rate of refrigerant extracted from the flash chamber (kg/s)c) Power required by the low pressure compressor (kW).
- TNB steam power plant in Genting Highlandsoperates on reheat Rankine cycleand has power net output of 50MW. Steam enters the turbine at aMPa and b °Cand it is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of ckPa by running cooling water from the Bertam River through the tubesof condenser. Steam enters both stages of the turbine at b°C. If the moisture content of the steam at the exit of the low-pressure turbine is not to exceed 10 percent, show the cycle on a T-s diagram and determine;i.The pressure at which reheating takes place, ii.The thermal efficiency of the cycleandiii.Please justify how does the thermal efficiency of the cycle if the temperature to low turbine is increase to 600°C? a=12 b=500 c=12A. Calculate the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle in which the steam is initially dry saturated at 2 Mpa and the condenser pressure 7kN/m2 . Express this efficiency as a percentage of a Carnot cycle efficiency of the same limits of temperature. B. If the steam leaves the boiler at 3500C with the same pressure of the boiler and condenser given above. Explain why the Rankine efficiency in (A) is less than in (B), and why the ratio of efficiencies of the respective Rankine and Carnot is grater. Ans [ 88.3%, 49.9%]For R-410A refrigerant, which operates at a flow rate of 0.102 kg/s. It is known that saturated vapor enters the compressor at -40ºC and that saturated liquid leaves the condenser at 0ºC. The refrigerant operates in the saturation region. Determine: a) The compression power. b)The cooling power. c) The coefficient of performance.
- A straight-condensing 10,000 kW turbine has a guaranteed steam rate of 5.90 kg/kW.hr when exhausting at 5.0 kPa. Exhaust steam enters the condenser at 92% quality, and it is estimated that fouling will decrease the overall coefficient by 30% during operation. Cooling water is available at 18 ℃, and for design purposes, 1 ½ in OD 16 BWG Brass tubes (thickness = 0.065 in, k=62 BTU/hrftF°.) are specified with 9 C° rise in cooling water, which circulates at 5 ft/s. Inside and outside film coefficients are hi=960 and ho=1474 BTU/hrft2F°. Design a condenser for this turbine, considering tube and boundary resistance as flat surfaces and neglecting any crossflow factor. Determine the followinga) Effective overall coefficient of heat transferb) Volume flow rate of cooling waterc) Number of tubes for single passd) Length of tubesA. Calculate the thermal efficiency of a Rankine cycle in which the steam is initially dry saturated at 2 Mpa and the condenser pressure 7kN/m². Express this efficiency as a percentage of a Carnot cycle efficiency of the same limits of temperature. B. If the steam leaves the boiler at 350°C with the same pressure of the boiler and condenser given above. Explain why the Rankine efficiency in (A) is less than in (B), and why the ratio of efficiencies of the respective Rankine and Carnot is grater.A flashed steam geothermal power plant is located where underground hot water is available as a saturated liquid at 700 kPa. The well-head pressure is 600 kPa. The flashed steam enters the steam turbine at 500 kPa and expands to 15 kPa when it is condensed. The flow rate from the well is 29.6 kg/s. Determine the cycle thermal efficiency of the plant in %. FINAL ANSWER MUST BE IN 3 DECIMAL POINTS