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- 9. Explain the effects of exercise on each of the following components of an EKG: Why? Increases or Decreasess with Exercise? Duration of RR Interval (time of one heartbeat) Heart Rate (calculated) Duration of P wave Duration of QRS complex Duration of T wave Duration of PR segment Duration of ST segment Duration of TP segment2. Describe the characteristics of vascular smooth muscle contraction and what distant and local factors contribute to vasoconstriction and vasodilation. What happens to blood vessel diameter if norepinephrine binds to an alpha-adrenergic receptor? What happens to blood vessel diameter if norepinephrine binds to beta adrenergic receptors?4. Compare the action potentials of contractile cardiac muscle, autorhythmic cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Include similarities and differences. Mention resting membrane potential, pacemaker potential, If channels, sodium voltage-gated channels, potassium voltage-gated channels, calcium voltage-gated channels, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, pacemaker.
- 14. Define the term pacemaker potential (=drifting potential) and be able to identify it when given a graph of an action potential in an autorhythmic cell such as the one below. Membrane Potential (mv) +20 -20 -40 -60 0 sec и 0.8 sec = 800 msec Time Juárez de Ku BIOL 2402-Anatomy & Physiology II 1.6 sec -1600 msec Page 7 of 1625. Compare the contraction of a single cardiac muscle fiber to a skeletal muscle fiber in terms of response. That is, which has a graded response and which has an all-or-none response? Cardiac Muscle Fiber Skeletal Muscle Fiber 26. State the relationship between Cat2 ion concentration in the cytosol of a cardiac contractile cell and the force (strength) of contraction.7. State which of the 4 factors that affect resistance to blood flow changes the most on a minute to minute basis: 8. State in words AND in the simplified equation of Poiseuille's Law the relationship between blood vessel radius and resistance. a. Radius is directly related to resistance. (Insert either "directly" or "indirectly".) Thus ...
- 9. Heart rate was measured during increasing levels of exercise and the following data set was produced. Heart Rate (bpm) 60 88 104 128 149 167 192 Exercise Intensity (watts) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 a. Please graph the relationship between exercise intensity and heart rate (make sure to select the most appropriate type of graph). b. Write a few sentences to describe the relationship. What happens to heart rate as the exercise intensity increases?28. Compare the length (time) of an action potential in a skeletal muscle fiber vs cardiac autorhymic cell vs cardiac contractile cell. Duration (in milliseconds) of one action potential Skeletal Muscle Fiber Cardiac Cardiac AUTORHYTHMIC Cell CONTRACTILE Call6. Patients with what underlying condition cannot undergo Fick’s method of Cardiac output measurement?
- 5.Explain why the ability to increase stroke volume is important in determining maximal oxygen consumption.2. Draw a ventricular muscle cell action potential. Describe the changes in membrane permeability that underlie the potential changes. What prevents the heart from undergoing summation of contractions?10. Why is it important to maintain a good cardio-respiratory endurance? 11. What's the importance of avoiding contraindicated exercises?
