7. Kate works at a community center, which collects donated coats. At winter time, Kate gives a coat to anyone who comes to the community center and asks for one, free of charge. Which strategy for allocating scarce resources does this example demonstrate?
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- 3. Discuss the utilitarian argument for conserving and preserving natural resources for future generations.1. Cattle grazing in a farmer's pasture do not suffer from the tragedy of the commons but explain why are fish in the ocean an example of a resource that suffers from the tragedy of the commons?11 When performing a benefit cost analysis of different options to provide clean water to a community, the option that should be chosen is the option that maximizes the benefit to cost ratio. True or False?
- 4. Common resources versus private goods Outdoors season is underway in Maine, and Tiana and her cousins are planning a weekend fishing trip. They have the choice between fishing the lake near town where anyone is allowed to fish without a permit, or they could drive a short distance to a brook located on a family friend's property in the woods. Assume throughout the problem that all fish caught in either body of water are free for those fishing to keep. The fish in the private brook are considered and whereas the fish in the lake are and . In other words, the fish in the private brook are an example of , and the fish in the lake are an example of . Fishing in the lake will likely lead to because of which of the following reasons? All fishermen will choose to fish in the brook believing that there are more fish there. Nobody will enjoy fishing because of the lack of private contributions to the maintenance of the lake.…6. Common resources and the tragedy of the commons Brian, Edison, and Kevin are loggers who live next to a forest that is open to logging; in other words, anyone is free to use the forest for logging. Assume that these men are the only three loggers who log in this forest and that the forest is large enough for all three loggers to log intensively at the same time. Each year, the loggers choose independently how many acres of trees to cut down; specifically, they choose whether to log intensively (that is, to clear-cut a section of the forest, which hurts the sustainability of the forest if enough people do it) or to log nonintensively (which does not hurt the sustainability of the forest). None of them has the ability to control how much the others log, and each logger cares only about his own profitability and not about the state of the forest. Assume that as long as no more than one logger logs intensively, there are enough trees to regrow the forest. However, if two or more log…(1) Define the tragedy of the commons in your own words. (2) Why are fish in the ocean an example of a resource that suffers from the tragedy of the commons but cattle grazing in a farmer’s pasture does not suffer from the tragedy of the commons?
- 7. The free rider problem refers to people whoa. will only consume a public good if it is free.b. for efficiency’s sake, should be allowed to consume public goods (such as mass transit) even if they do not pay.c. will not voluntarily pay for a public good even though they would benefit from its provision.d. are not willing to pay for a public good because they lack information about its potential benefits.1. Explain how a global-positioning anti-theft device installed by one car owner can produce a positive spill over to other citizens in a community. 2. Why are fish in the ocean an example of a resource that suffers from the tragedy of the commons but cattle grazing in a farmer’s pasture does not suffer from the tragedy of the commons?o ensure all students are protected from getting the flu this year, your school offers free flu shots. What type of externality exists in this example? Question 16 options: Negative consumption externality. Negative production externality. Positive production externality. Positive consumption externality. Neutral externality.
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Why the market tends to fail when dealing with environmental issues? It is said many externalities in environmental economics have features that are similar to that of public goods. We know that the provision of some public goods such as lighthouse can be solved through the market rather effectively. What makes environmental goods such as clean air different from other public goods such as lighthouse? Why is it more difficult to solve the provision of clear air through the market?Suppose a city releases 16 million gallons of raw sewage into a nearby lake. Table 12.8 shows the total costs of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits of doing so. (Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits.) Using the information in Table 12.8, calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this city. See Production, Costs and Industry Structure if you need a refresher on how to calculate marginal costs. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? Why not just pass a law that films can emit zero sewage? After all, the total benefits of zero emissions exceed the total costs.