2. Suppose MAC = 40 - 2E and MD = 2E. Draw a graph to show and calculate the following: a) What are the efficient level of emissions e*, total damages TD, total abatement cost TAC, and total social costs related to emissions? b) If there is no pollution control, what is the total social costs related to emissions. How much of costs can be saved by moving to e*? c) What are the total social costs related to zero emissions? How much of costs can be saved by moving to e*? d) If the actual emission level is 15, what are the total damages, total abatement cost, and total social costs related to emissions? Compared with the efficient level, what is the deadweight loss (in terms of too high total social cost)?
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- Questions for Further Discussion 1. It would seem that neighbors could easily negotiate among themselves to settle problems of local externalities such as noise and unsightly land uses. Yet most communities control these problems with local laws and regula-tions. Why? 2. Suppose courts changed rules regarding burden of proof, requiring polluters to show that their emissions are harmless, rather than pollutees to show that they have been harmed. What impact might this have? 3. Suppose a community weighed each resident's solid-waste disposal when it was picked up and published the individual totals each year in the local newspaper. Do you think this would lead to a reduction in the total quantity of solid waste disposed of in the community?Please don't copy 1. Draw a diagram which illustrates in economic terms how a carbon fee and dividend policy - a type of carbon tax on the sale of fossil fuels where the revenue from this tax is distributed regularly to a nation's population - would effect carbon emissions. 2. Referring back to the diagram you drew, how would a carbon dividends plan help reduce the efficiency loss from carbon emissions?Please help with the calculations & working :) In this question there is a diagram with ‘y’ being the vertical axis representing costs/damages, and ‘P’ being a horizontal axis representing pollution. Abatement is the opposite of pollution, so if pollution falls from, say, 3 to 1 abatement rises by 2. 1. Suppose the marginal damage curve to private firms is MDP: y=0 and the marginal cost of abatement is MCA: y=1-P if P<1 and y=0 otherwise, where y is the vertical axis on a cost/damage scale, and P is the amount of pollution. Plot these curves and the equilibrium amount of pollution which is privately optimal for the firm. 2. Why is the marginal cost of abatement is downward sloping (with increasing pollution measured on the bottom axis as you go right). Give an example where this is a reasonable assumption 3. Suppose the marginal damage to society is MDS: y=P. Calculate the socially optimal amount of pollution. What ethical system does the ‘optimal amount of pollution’ belong? To…
- 1. If you were to graph a measure of pollution on one axis and a level of economic activity (such as the real gross domestic product per person) on the other, what type of relationship do you think you would find? How would you explain this relationship? 2. Think of an externality that arises in a college dorm. What market can you think of that would (or could) eliminate any inefficiencies from that externality?2a) Livestock and poultry farming are some of the largest contributors of ammonia emissions. Ammonia has been shown to interact with other pollutants to form ammonium salts that negatively impact air quality and adversely impact human breathing. As a result, economists might suggest that animal products have an associated _________ externality? 2b) Draw the private cost, private benefit, social cost, and social benefit curves in the market for the animal products. If any of the curves are the same, label the curve as both. 2c) Is there market failure if the market runs freely? If so, is the socially optimal quantity of animal products higher or lower than the market outcome? 2d) Provide a policy suggestion that would help to correct any market failures that arise due to this externality. Explain why this would be effective. Can someone please help me and explain this to me please? Thank you so much in advance!!!Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion One advantage of an emissions tax over a cap-and-trade system is that a. permit markets can have transactions costs that taxes do not. b. taxes put a price on pollution, but cap-and-trade systems do not. c. once a cap-and-trade system is in place, there is no way for the government to adjust the price of permits. d. taxes are always popular.
- 5) Suppose that an international agreement requires exporters to reduce their carbon emissions. In this context, government subsidies are provided to R&Ds that will enable green-friendly production in exporting industries that produce high-tech.a) Explain what might be the reasons for the implementation of such an activist policy.(Answer this question with the arguments of your main course book, (Krugman; Obstfeld; Melitz; 2015))b) Describe how the Environmental Kuznet curve works. Let's assume that there is a green-friendly technology transfer from developed countries to less developed countries in order to achieve the goal of a decrease in emission, then what will happen to the curve?1a) Water filtration removes contaminants that increase the risk of plant diseases from a farmer's water sources. As a result, there is a decreased risk of consumers suffering illnesses from consuming crops grown with filtered water. Due to this, economists might suggest that the use of water filtration systems in agriculture has an associated ________ externality? 1b) Draw the private cost, private benefit, social cost, and social benefit curves in the market for water filtration systems. If any of the curves are the same, label the curve as both. 1c) Is there market failure if the market runs freely? If so, is the socially optimal quantity of farmers using water filtration systems higher or lower than the market outcome? 1d) Provide a policy suggestion that would help to correct any market failures that arise due to this externality. Explain why this would be effective. 2a) Livestock and poultry farming are some of the largest contributors of ammonia emissions. Ammonia has been…Suppose MAC = 40 - 2E and MD = 2E. Draw a graph to show and calculate the following: a) What is the social net benefit of pollution abatement at e*? b) What is the social net benefit of pollution abatement with no pollution control? c) What is the social net benefit of pollution abatement with zero pollution? d) If the actual emission level is 15, what are the total social benefit, total social cost, and net social benefit of pollution abatement? Compared with the efficient level, what is the deadweight loss (in terms of missing net social benefit)?
- Suppose the total benefit and total cost to society of various levels of pollution abatement are as follows: Complete column (4). (Enter your responses as integers.) (1) Pollution Abatement (2) Total Benefit (3) Total Cost (4) Total Net Benefit (5) Marginal Benefit (6) Marginal Cost 0 0 0 nothing — — 1 22 9 nothing 2 42 20 nothing 3 60 33 nothing 4 76 48 nothing 5 90 65 nothing 6 102 84 nothing (1) Pollution Abatement (2) Total Benefit (3) Total Cost (4) Total Net Benefit (5) Marginal Benefit (6) Marginal Cost 0 0 0 — — 1 22 9 13 2 42 20 22 3 60 33 27 4 76 48 28 5 90 65 25 6 102 84 18 Using optimization in levels, if the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) wants to…Econ 2200W Homework #1 (Ch 5 & 6) Classify each of the following goods or services as private goods, public goods, quasi-public goods, or common resources.(Refer to Figure 5.7 on page 165) A net-work television broadcast of baseball’s World Series( ) Home mail delivery ( ) Education in a public school ( ) Education in a private school ( ) Hiking in a park surrounded by a fence ( ) Hiking in a park not surrounded by a fence ( ) An apple ( ) Congested toll roads ( ) Congested nontoll roads ( ) Uncongested toll roads ( ) Uncongested nontoll roads (…Suppose the marginal benefit (MB) and marginal cost (MC) curves for emitting particulate matter are given by the following schedules, where E is the quantity of emissions per period. The marginal benefits and costs are measured at the quantities of emissions shown. E/Period MB ($ MC ($) 0 230 0 200 190 10 400 150 30 600 110 50 800 70 70 1000 30 90 Use the information above to calculate the tax rate that would achieve the efficient rate of emissions. Efficient Tax Rate =$__ per unit of pollution