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- 1) Answer the following questions about a Vegetarian diet: a) List Pros and Cons of being on the diet. b) List any possible misconceptions that may have been verified or nullified by scientific articles for this diet. c) What biochemical pathway would this diet target?2. The process by which monomers of organic molecules are made into larger unitsa. requires hydrolysis.b. results in the generation of water molecules.c. is irreversible.d. occurs only with carbohydrates.e. results in the production of ATP2. a) Compare anabolism and catabolism for energy input, monomers and polymers position as reactants or products. b) Why are considerations of enzymes important for discussions of cellular energetics? c) Why is ATP called the "currency" of the cell? Is ATP a short term or long term energy storage molecule? d) Compare the following reactions: 6CO2+6H2O+energy → +C6H12O6+6O2 and C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energy
- Which of the following statements is false? Imagine that you ingested three chocolate bars just before sitting down to study this chapter. Most likely: a. your brain cells are using ATP. b. there is no deficit of the initial substrate to begin glycolysis. c. the respiratory processes in your brain cells are moving atomsfrom glycolysis through the citric acid cycle to the electrontransfer system. d. after a couple of hours, you change position and stretch torest certain muscle cells, which removes lactate from thesemuscles. e. after 2 hours, your brain cells are oxygen-deficient.Which of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? a. electron transfer phosphorylation b. acetyl-CoA formation c. Krebs cycle d. glycolysis e. a and dWhat is the final acceptor for electrons in cellular respiration? a. oxygen b. ATP c. carbon dioxide d. hydrogen e. water
- 1. What is the significance of the effect of enzyme concentration to enzyme activity in relation to the medical aspect? a. A person with fever cannot eat well and may suffer from indigestion b. A person with hyperacidicity experience vomiting upon taking milk c. Abnormal level of diagnostic enzymes indicate damage in the body tissues d. Too much hydrogen peroxide in the body forms free radicals if not decomposed by peroxidase 2. What is the relation of the effect of temperature on enzyme activity to the medical field? a. To explain the cause why a feverish person cannot eat b. To explain why drinking carbonated leaves a fizzing sensation in our tongue c. To explain the cause why milk should not be taken by hyperacidic individual d. To explain why bubbles are formed when cleaning wounds with hydrogen peroxide 3. What reaction was involved in the determination of Vitamin C content of fruits? a. Oxidation…1. What is the significance of the effect of pH to enzyme activity in relation to the medical aspect? a. A person with fever cannot eat well and may suffer from indigestion b. A person with hyperacidicity experience vomiting upon taking milk c. Abnormal level of diagnostic enzymes indicate damage in the body tissues d. Too much hydrogen peroxide in the body forms free radicals if not decomposed by peroxidase 2. A denatured protein has intact peptide bonds. True or False 3. What force of interaction was cleaved in the addition of a reducing agent to the protein sample? a. Disulfide bonds b. hydrogen bond c. hydrophobic interactions d. ionic bond 4. Which does not refer to protein denaturation? a. Unfolding of structure b. Folding of structure c. Disruption of bonds d. Destroy of its structure 5. The substrate concentration and the enzyme activity has a linear relationship as long as…4) a)Fill in the blanks: When oxygen is the final energy carrier in the production of ATP, the process is called _________________. When an inorganic molecule is used to drive theoxidation in a cell to produce ATP, the process is called _______________.b)How is energy transferred to proteins in the process called phosphorylation?c) Fill in the blanks: When a molecule is oxidized it has (more/less) _________ electrons than it did before being oxidized. When a molecule is reducedit has (more/less)_________ electrons than it did before being reduced.d) Is NADH is the oxidized or reduced form of NAD+?
- Definitions: energy, metabolism, macronutrient, autotroph, heterotroph, byproduct, producer, consumer Ch 4. 1) a) What is a “balanced diet” and why is it important? b) Can a person be malnourished and not be “starving”? Explain your answer. 2) a) What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? b) How do they differ in structure? c) Which is healthier and why? d? What are trans fats? 3) What is the role of a) carbohydrates and b) fats in our bodies? 4) a) What are the different roles proteins play in our cells/ bodies? b) What are essential amino acids? c) What is a complete vs. incomplete protein? 5) How do animals and plants differ in terms of their main structural components? 6) What primary characteristic determines the function of biological molecules? 7) a) How do enzymes catalyze (increase the rate of) reactions? b) What does it mean that enzymes are “substrate specific”? c) How are they usually named? 8) Describe the two types of enzyme…4. You decided to have a slice of white bread for breakfast. Explain WHERE and HOW the starch (carbohydrate) is CHEMICALLY digested in your body. (Hint: be sure to mention all of the enzymes and their functions that are involved) 2. A mother had some antibiotic leftover from fighting a throat infection. She administered them to her son when he developed a cold. Explain what was wrong with this practice. You notice that some meat in the refrigerator has a strange odor and suspect that it has been contaminated with bacteria. You remember that heat will kill bacteria, so you go ahead and cook it. What is wrong with this practice?1. For each of the products, identify the phase of aerobic respiration where these molecules will enter the process. a. glycerol b. fatty acids c. amino acids 2. predict the number of ATP molecules that could be produced from one glucose molecule if oxygen was not available.